chap5

Question 1

a rising parcel of air

Answer 1

expands and cools

Question 2

a sinking parcel

Answer 2

compresses and warms

Question 2

If a parcel of air expands and cools, or compresses and
warms, with no interchange of heat with its outside
surroundings, this situation is called

Answer 2

adiabatic process

Question 3

the rate of adiabatic cooling or warming remains constant and
is about

Answer 3

10°C for every 1000 meters

Question 4

As the rising air cools, its relative humidity

Answer 4

increases as the air temperature approaches the
dew-point temperature.

Question 5

If the rising air cools to
its dew-point temperature

Answer 5

the relative humidity becomes 100 percent.

Question 6

Further lifting results in condensation, a cloud forms, and ________ is released into the rising air.

Answer 6

latent heat

Question 7

Unlike the dry adiabatic rate, the moist adiabatic rate is not
constant, but varies greatly with ___________ and __________

Answer 7

temperature and moisture content

Question 8

TRUE OR FALSE: warm saturated air produces more liquid water than cold saturated air

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

the moist adiabatic rate is equal to?

Answer 9

an average of 6°C per 1000 m.

Question 10

if the air in a stable atmosphere strongly resists
upward vertical motion, and is forced to rise,
it tends to

Answer 10

spread out horizontally

Question 10

Expected clouds to see in a stable atmosphere

Answer 10

cirrostratus, altostratus, nimbostratus, or
stratus

Question 11

The cooling of the surface air may be due to:

Answer 11

1. nighttime radiational cooling of the surface
2. an influx of cold surface air brought in by the wind
3. air moving over a cold surface

Question 12

If the surface air becomes saturated in a stable
atmosphere, a __________ may
form

Answer 12

a persistent layer of haze or fog

Question 13

The atmosphere is unstable when the
air temperature __________ as we
move up into the atmosphere.

Answer 13

decreases rapidly

Question 14

The warming of the surface air may be due to:

Answer 14

1. daytime solar heating of the surface
2. influx of warm surface air brought in by the wind
3. air moving over a warm surface

Question 15

Instability brought on by the lifting of air is often associated with
the development of

Answer 15

severe weather, such as thunderstorms and
tornadoes

Question 16

The following mechanisms are responsible for the development of the majority of clouds we observe:

Answer 16

1. surface heating and free convection
2. uplift along topography
3. widespread ascent due to the flowing together
   (convergence) of surface air
4. uplift along weather fronts

Question 17

Forced lifting along a topographic barrier is called

Answer 17

orographic uplift

Question 18

The most important factor in the production of raindrops is
the

Answer 18

cloud’s liquid water content

Question 19

In a cloud with sufficient water, other significant factors are:

Answer 19

1. The range of droplet sizes
2. the cloud thickness
3. the updrafts of the cloud
4. the electric charge of the droplets and the electric field in
   the cloud

Question 20

Water droplets existing at temperatures below
freezing are referred to as

Answer 20

supercooled droplets

Question 21

Examples of excellent ice nuclei’s

Answer 21

clay minerals, bacteria in decaying plant leaf
material, and ice crystals

Question 22

The primary goal in cloud seeding is to

Answer 22

inject (or seed) a cloud with small particles that will act as nuclei

Question 23

The most common chemicals used for cloud seeding include

Answer 23

salt, silver iodide, potassium iodide and dry ice (solid carbon dioxide).

Question 24

Aims at speeding up droplet coalescence in liquid clouds, leading to production of large droplets that start to precipitate.

Answer 24

HYGROSCOPIC CLOUD SEEDING

Question 25

Cloud seeding material consists usually of large salt particles dispersed by some means to the cloud base.

Answer 25

HYGROSCOPIC CLOUD SEEDING

Question 26

Aims to trigger ice production in supercooled clouds, leading to precipitation.

Answer 26

GLACIOGENIC CLOUD SEEDING

Question 27

For it to be considered as rain, the water droplet must have a diameter equal to, or greater than

Answer 27

RAIN

Question 28

Fine uniform drops of water whose diameters are smaller than 0.5 mm is called

Answer 28

Drizzle

Question 29

Evaporating streaks of precipitation are called

Answer 29

VIRGA

Question 29

Drizzle is mostly from

Answer 29

stratus clouds

Question 30

If the updraft weakens or changes direction and becomes a downdraft , the suspended drops will fall to the ground as a sudden rain

Answer 30

shower

Question 31

The showers falling from cumuliform clouds are usually brief and sporadic, as the cloud moves overhead and then drifts on by. If the shower is excessively heavy, it is termed a

Answer 31

cloudburst

Question 32

When ice crystals and snowflakes fall from high cirrus clouds they are called

Answer 32

fallstreaks

Question 33

Snow falling from developing cumulus clouds is often in the form of

Answer 33

flurries

Question 34

These are usually light showers that fall intermittently for short durations and produce only light accumulations.

Answer 34

flurries

Question 35

A more intense snow shower is called a

Answer 35

snow squall

Question 36

A weather condition characterized by low temperatures and strong winds (greater than 30 knots) bearing large amounts of fine, dry, powdery particles of snow, which can reduce visibility to only a few meters

Answer 36

Blizzard

Question 37

partially melted snowflake or cold raindrop turns back into ice, not as a snowflake, but as a tiny transparent (or translucent) ice pellet

Answer 37

Sleet

Question 38

The cold surface layer beneath a cloud may be too shallow to freeze raindrops as they fall. In this case, they reach the surface as supercooled liquid drops. This is called

Answer 38

FREEZING RAIN OR GLAZE

Question 39

snow grains came from ____ clouds

Answer 39

stratus

Question 40

snow pellets came from _____ clouds

Answer 40

Cumulus congestus

Question 41

Pieces of ice either transparent or partially opaque, ranging in size from that of small peas to that of golf balls or larger Some are round, and others take on irregular shapes.

Answer 41

Hail

Question 42

Hail is produced in a ______ cloud

Answer 42

cumulonimbus

Question 43

For a hailstone to grow to golf ball-size, it must remain in the cloud between

Answer 43

5 to 10 minutes