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Psych 2042 > Chaper 2 - theories and causes > Flashcards

Chaper 2 - theories and causes Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What is etiology?

A

the study of causes of childhood disorders

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2
Q

What does a transactional view mean in terms of children and their environment?

A

dynamic interaction (contributes to each other)

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3
Q

Continuity of abnormal development means that changes are:

A

gradual and quantitative

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4
Q

Discontinuity of abnormal development means that changes are:

A

abrupt and qualitative

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5
Q

Which is predictive: continuity or discontinuity of abnormal development?

A

continuity

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6
Q

For each disorder, list whether it is continual or discontinual in terms of development:
autism
anti-social
eating disorders

A

autism: discontinual
anti-social: continual
eating disorders: discontinual

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7
Q

What is abnormal to see in children ages 0-2?

A

mental retardation, feeding disorders, autism

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8
Q

What are common behavioural problems to see in children ages 0-2?

A

stubbornness, temper, toilet problems

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9
Q

What are common behavioural problems to see in children ages 2-5?

A

arguing, demanding attention, disobedience, fears, overactivity, resist bedtime

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10
Q

What is abnormal to see in children ages 2-5?

A

speech & language, problems from abuse/neglect, anxiety, phobias

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11
Q

What are common behavioural problems to see in children ages 6-11?

A

arguing, hard to concentrate, self-conscious, show off

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12
Q

What is abnormal to see in children ages 6-11?

A

ADHD, learning disorders, school refusal, conduct probs

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13
Q

What are common behavioural problems to see in children ages 12-20?

A

arguing, bragging, anger outbreaks, risky behaviour

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14
Q

What is abnormal to see in children ages 12-20?

A

anorexia, bulimia, delinquency, suicide, drugs, schizophrenia, depression

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15
Q

What are the 2 ways we adjust to schemes?

A

1) assimilate (fit into)

2) accomodate (alter scheme)

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16
Q

What is the 1st stage of Piaget’s cognitive development & what is a key feature?

A 
sensory motor (0-2) 
- use 5 senses
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17
Q

What is the 2nd stage of Piaget’s cognitive development & what is a key feature?

A

pre-operational (2-7)

- object permeance (mess up peek a boo)

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18
Q

What is the 3rd stage of Piaget’s cognitive development & what is a key feature?

A 
concrete operational (7-11) 
- conservation of volumes etc
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19
Q

What is the last stage of Piaget’s cognitive development & what is a key feature?

A 
formal operational (11+)
- abstract thought
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20
Q

What is adaptational failure?

A

failure in developmental milestones

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21
Q

What are sensitive periods?

A

stages (time) where env influences on development are ENHANCED (e.g. learning a language in toddlers)

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22
Q

What is developmental psychopathology?

A

studying child disorders with a stress on developmental processes & tasks

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23
Q

What is a developmental cascade?

A

previous interactions/experiences spread to other systems & alter development (e.g. curious…help you adapt to academic performance)

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24
Q

At what age are most axon connections formed & the brain will selectively prune them?

25
What 3 things have a great effect on childhood brain development?
1) pre-natal environment 2) childhood illness and diet 3) early caregiving
26
The hind brain consists of:
cerebellum, pons, medulla
27
Which part of the brain coordinates movement?
cerebellum
28
What makes up the brain stem?
- hind brain - mid brain - diencephalon
29
The thalamus & the hypothalamus are part of _________ and regulate ________.
diencephalon; behaviour & emotion
30
Which part of the brain coordinates movement WITH sensory input?
midbrain
31
Which hemisphere of the brain is non-verbal?
right (social perception & creativity)
32
The left hemisphere is responsible for:
verbal & cognition
33
The limbic system consists of:
hippocampus (memory) cingulate gyrus (pain & aggression) septum amygdala (emotion)
34
What are the basic drives associated with the limbic system?
sex, thirst, hunger, aggression
35
Which part of the brain is associated with ADHD motor behaviour (tics/tremors) or OCD?
basal ganglia
36
The adrenal gland releases _______ & __________ and plays a role in:
epinephrine & cortisol | - response to stress, prepares body for challenge
37
Thyroxine is released from the __________ gland and plats a role in:
thyroid; eating disorders (needed for proper metabolism & growth)
38
Estrogen/testosterone are released from the pituitary glands and plays a role in what type of disorders?
variety, esp health & stress related
39
What does HPA (axis) stand for?
hypothalamus-pituitary-adnrenal
40
The HPA axis is linked to what type of disorders?
anxiety & mood (response to stress)
41
How does damage to the HPA axis affect a child?
remain in a state of fear or alertness (toxic)
42
Which NT is involved in anxiety disorder?
benzodiazapene-GABA
43
Normally, benzodiazapene-GABA increases or decreases arousal?
decreases (moderates emotions)
44
Abnormal levels of dopamine result is which disorders?
ADHD, schizophrenia, mood disorders
45
Which NT elicits emergency reactions/alarm and regulates emotions & behaviour?
norepinephrine
46
Abnormal levels of serotonin result is which disorders?
regulatory probs (eating & sleeping disorders), OCD, schizophrenia
47
Individual thresholds of emotion are called:
emotional reactivity
48
Emotional regulation refers to:
enhancing, maintaining, inhibiting arousal
49
An "easy baby" would be considered which kind of primary temperament?
positive & affect approach
50
A baby that is "slow to warm up" would be considered which kind of primary temperament?
fearful/inhibited
51
A "difficult child" would be considered which kind of primary temperament?
negative affect/irritability
52
Balance b/w emotional reactivity and emotional regulation is called:
self-regulation
53
Low warmth, high control = what style of parenting?
authoritarian (brick wall)
54
High warmth, high control = what style of parenting?
authoritative (back bone)
55
High warmth, low control = what style of parenting?
permissive (jelly fish)
56
Low warmth, low control = what style of parenting?
rejecting/neglecting
57
Children that are insecure (anxious/resistant) after caregiver removal experience what kinds of disorders?
phobias, anxiety, depression
58
Children that are insecure (anxious/avoidance) after caregiver removal experience what kinds of disorders?
conduct, aggressive, depression
59
Children that are disorganized/disoriented after caregiver removal experience what kinds of disorders?
personality disorders

Psych 2042 (4 decks)

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