Chapter 1 - Intro

Question 1

What are the aims of research in abnormal child psych? (4)

Answer 1

1) defining what is normal and what is abnormal
2) identifying causes/correlations
3) making predictions about long term outcomes
4) developing/evaluating methods of treatment/prevention

Question 2

What are important factors about a child that should be considered when defining normal/abnormal? (3)

Answer 2

1) age
2) sex
3) ethnicity/culture

Question 3

What is the 1st step towards understanding the nature of a child’s problems?

Answer 3

describing the problem & its harm/impairments

Question 4

What are features that distinguish child & adolescent disorders from adult disorders? (4)

Answer 4

1) it is not often clear whose “problem” it is (adults or child, treatment not voluntary)
2) involve a failure to show expected developmental progress (abnormal)
3) problems are not entirely abnormal
4) Interventions are intended to promote further development, rather restoring to a previous level of functioning

Question 5

Who thought abnormal children were an economic burden and a social embarrassment?

Answer 5

ancient Greeks/Romans

Question 6

How would the ancient Greek and Roman deal with abnormal children?

Answer 6

abandoned or put to death

Question 7

Why was pre-18th century view on abnormal children harsh?

Answer 7

ppl thought abnormal kids

1) would die
2) were possessed
3) were parents property

Question 8

What did the Massachusetts Stubborn Child Act of 1654 permit parents to do to misbehaved/stubborn children?

Answer 8

kill them

Question 9

When did interest in abnormal children surface?

Answer 9

mid 18th century

Question 10

When were children with mental disabilities allowed to be put in cages?

Answer 10

mid 18th century

Question 11

What was John Locke’s philosophy on raising children?

Answer 11

should be raised with thought and care, not harsh treatment & indifference

Question 12

Who thought children should be given educational opportunities?

Answer 12

John Locke

Question 13

Who was Victor of Averyon?

Answer 13

feral child found in woods

Question 14

Who cared/documented Victor of Averyon?

Answer 14

Jean-Marc Itard

Question 15

What did Leta Hollingworth’s beliefs help distinguish?

Answer 15

the difference between imbecile and lunatics

Question 16

What did Leta Hollingworth believe?

Answer 16

mentally defective kids were just suffering from maltreatment and intellectual challenges

Question 17

What is the difference bw lunatic and imbecile?

Answer 17

lunatic (psychiatric disorder)

imbecile (mentally retarded)

Question 18

Why did Benjamin Rush believe children were incapable of adult like insanity?

Answer 18

bc of their developing brains

Question 19

What is “moral insanity” and who coined the term?

Answer 19

Benjamin rush; normal cognitive abilities but disturbing behaviour

Question 20

What was the moral insanity view replaced by?

Answer 20

the organic disease model

Question 21

Why was the organic disease model a good thing?

Answer 21

more humane treatment

Question 22

Why was the organic disease model a bad thing?

Answer 22

increased stigma (ppl thought they could get infected)

Question 23

What did Clifford Beers aim to do?

Answer 23

detection & intervention

Question 24

The view that mental disorders were diseases & fear of contamination lead to what?

Answer 24

• eugenics (sterilization)

- segregation (institutionalization)

Question 25

The psychoanalytic theory linked mental disorders to what?

Answer 25

childhood experiences

Question 26

What did Anna Freud and Melanie Klein notice about childhood symptoms that were different than adult symptoms?

Answer 26

- more related to developmental stages (psychoanalytic theory)

Question 27

What is nosolgies?

Answer 27

effort to classify psychiatric disorders into descriptive categories

Question 28

Which theory used empirical/evidence based treatments: psychoanalytic or behaviourism?

Answer 28

behaviourism

Question 29

Which theory is based off of Pavlov's Classical Conditioning experiment: psychoanalytic or behaviourism?

Answer 29

behaviourism

Question 30

Who was Little Albert and what theory developed from his experiments?

Answer 30

theory of emotions & children's fear: conditioned him to fear white rats by pairing it w loud noise

Question 31

Treatment in 1930s-1950s would most likely have been:

Answer 31

institutionalized

Question 32

Treatment in 1945-1965 would most likely have been:

Answer 32

foster group homes, behavioural therapy

Question 33

Treatment in today would most likely be:

Answer 33

behavioural therapy

Question 34

What does IDEA stand for?

Answer 34

Individuals w Disabilities Education Act

Question 35

What did IDEA provide for abnormal kids?

Answer 35

free & appropriate education, culturally appropriate tests, individualized education program for each kid (IEP)

Question 36

What did the UN gen assembly of 2007 provide?

Answer 36

- protect rights of ppl w disabilities | - enact laws to improve their rights/disable discrim laws

Question 37

If a loved one had just died and you became depressed, would you be defined as having a psychological disorder?

Answer 37

no bc this reaction is expected

Question 38

If you scored outside a norm for a psych disorder test, would you be defined as having that disorder?

Answer 38

no bc also need to see impairment

Question 39

Normal developmental task of infants/preschoolers would be:

Answer 39

attachment to caregivers language differentiation of self from env self control & compliance

Question 40

Normal developmental task of middle childhood age kids would be:

Answer 40

school adjustment moral social rule following academic achievement peer acceptance

Question 41

Normal developmental task for teens would be:

Answer 41

``` transitioned well into HS academic achievement sense of self close relationships (both genders) extra curriculars ```

Question 42

1 factor leading to different problems would be:

Answer 42

multifinality

Question 43

many factors leading to one problem would be:

Answer 43

equifinality

Question 44

Characteristics of resilience for the child as an individual would be:

Answer 44

intellectual appealing, sociable, easy going self-effiacy, confidence, esteem talents, faith

Question 45

Characteristics of a resilient family of a child would be:

Answer 45

close relationships authoritative parents SES advantages connections to a network

Question 46

Characteristics of resilience for the child's school/community would be:

Answer 46

parental figures social connections school attendance

Question 47

1 in ____ children have significant mental health issues:

Answer 47

8 (including toddlers and infants), many others at risk

Question 48

Poverty & SES are linked to more _____ problems and _____ disorders.

Answer 48

conduct; emotional

Question 49

Externalizing problems are more common in boys. List 3.

Answer 49

ADHD autism disruptive disorders

Question 50

Internalizing problems are more common in girls. List 3.

Answer 50

anxiety teen depression eating disorders

Question 51

When controlling for other affects (SES, age, gender), does race & ethnicity play a role in higher development of mental disorders?

Answer 51

NO

Question 52

How does culture affect children's mental health problems?

Answer 52

reactions & expression

Question 53

______ cases of child abuse in USA; _____ cases in Canada

Answer 53

1 million; 80 000

Question 54

_____ of kids (12-16 yrs) have PTSD from abuse.

Answer 54

1/3 (6 million)

Question 55

How much does abuse cost the USA?

Answer 55

$18 million

Question 56

What is the best way to prevent child abuse?

Answer 56

regular in home nurse visits