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Pharm I > Chapers 1, 2, & 3 > Flashcards

Chapers 1, 2, & 3 Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

The study of drugs

A

Pharmacology

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2
Q

Treatment of DZ with medicines

A

Pharmacotherapy

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3
Q

Field of medicine that studies drug use in the treatment of disease

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

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4
Q

The “motion” of drugs

A

Pharmacokinetics

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5
Q

The study of mechanisms of action of a drug and involves understanding the interactions between the chemical components of living systems and the drugs that enter those systems

A

Pharmacodynamics

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6
Q

Covers biologics such as vaccines, antitoxins, etc

A

USDA

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7
Q

Covers pesticides

A

EPA

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8
Q

Approves drugs and advises medical professionals of its side effects. It also regulates prescription drugs and studies controlled substances and determines their abuse potential

A

FDA

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9
Q

Started a system of regulating drug dosing

Drugs must be adequately tested to demonstrate it’s safety when used as the label directs

A

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938

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10
Q

Created to denote a prescription for drugs

A

Durham-Humphrey Amendment of 1951

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11
Q

Organized all animal regulations to one section of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

A

Animal Drug Amendments of 1968

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12
Q

Allowed vets to prescribe as extra-label use for animals under specific circumstances

A

Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA)

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13
Q

Intended to provide drugs for those less common species and indications

A

Minor Use and Minor Species Health Act of 2001

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14
Q

What does FDA-CVM stand for?

A

The FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine

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15
Q

Ensures that the approved veterinary medicines will not harm animals or at least the harm a drug produces will be outweighed by its benefits

A

FDA-CVM

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16
Q

Little potential for toxicity when taken as directed
Don’t require special administration
May mask underlying conditions and make diagnosing difficult
Can create drug interactions

A

OTC products

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17
Q

Potentially dangerous because of toxicity concerns
Administration can be difficult
Vet/Client/Pt relatioship must exist
Caution: The Federal law restricts the use of this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian

A

Prescription drugs

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18
Q

The use of a drug in a manner not specifically described on the FDA-approved label

A

Extra-Label

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19
Q

FDA’s Role In New Drug Development

5 steps

A
  1. Companies submit an INAD application to the FDA
  2. Company supplies scientific support for the INAD
  3. Clinical trials are performed
  4. Drug manufacturers apply for a NADA
  5. New drugs are then approved or dismissed
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20
Q

The specific amount of a drug that produces a desired effect

A

Dose

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21
Q

Dose that produces the desired effect in 50% of the population that take it

A

Effective Dose

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22
Q

Dose that kills 50% of population that take it

A

Lethal Dose

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23
Q

The 6 Pt Rights

A
  1. Right drug
  2. Right dose
  3. Right time
  4. Right route
  5. Right Pt
  6. Right documentations
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24
Q

The dose that produces a desired effect

A

Therapeutic Range

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25
When the drug starts working (enters the plasma)
Onset of Action
26
Length of time a drug produces a desired effect
Duration of Action
27
Factors involved in staying within the drug's therapeutic range
1. Route 2. Absorption 3. Distribution 4. Metabolism 5. Elimination
28
Given by a route other than GI
Parenteral
29
Orally given
Non-parenteral
30
2 Syringe tips
Slip-Tip | Slip-Lok
31
Hub is off to the side
Eccentric tip
32
Hub is thicker and longer
Catheter tip
33
Holds up to 1mL of medication
Tuberculin
34
Measures in units instead of mLs
Insulin
35
2 types of Insulin syringes
``` Orange = uL100 Red = uL40 ```
36
Fastest route of injection Immediate Aqueous solutions and emulsions
IV
37
Contains 2 chemicals that cant be mixed
Emulsion
38
Slower than IV route No more than 2mL Drug could cause pain
IM
39
Slow absorption but faster than oral Give in the hypodermis of skin NOTHING CAUSTIC
SQ
40
Fast and even distribution Low binding to udder tissue Usually used in lg. animals
Intramammary
41
Almost as immediate as IV Gas particles enter the alveoli and enters bloodstream Treats local respiratory conditions
Inhalation
42
Liquid to a gas; used in gas anesthetics
Volatilized
43
Liquid to a spray; Bronchodilators/antibiotics
Nebulized
44
Suspended in a solvent and packaged under pressure
Aerosol
45
Suspended in a water-oil emulsion
Cream
46
Suspended in a semisolid or jelly like substance
Gel
47
Suspended in an oily, soapy, or alcohol bases substance applied with friction
Liniment
48
Suspended in a liquid for dabbing, brushing, or dripping on the skin without friction
Lotion
49
Suspended in a semisolid, lipid based preparation that melts at body temperature
Ointment
50
Drug suspended in semisolid preparation that retains its state at body temperature
Paste
51
Suspended in a powder for external lubrication or absorption
Powder
52
Mucosal absorption Slower than oral Ex: suppositories, antiemetic, anticonvulsants, analgesics
Rectal
53
Delivered systemically through a patch on the skin Plasma levels stay constant Can cause skin irritation
Transdermal
54
``` Scored vs. Unscored Enteric coated Sustained release Molded Capsules ```
Tablets
55
Do not break
Unscored
56
Can break
Scored
57
Coated with stomach to bypass stomach to be broken down | Don't mix with antacids or milk
Enteric coated
58
Releases drugs over period of time | Usually allergy medications
Sustained Release
59
Chewables
Molded
60
Surrounded by gelatin shell | Powder or liquid form of medication
Capsule
61
Dissolved in liquid Do not separate Flavoring added
Solutions
62
85% sucrose
syrups
63
Mixed with sweetened alcohol
Elixers
64
Finely divided, undissolved substance in water SHAKE WELL Do not give IV
Suspensions
65
Fine droplets of water in oil or oil in water | SHAKE WELL
Emulsions
66
The ____________ can affect drug concentration in the body
Liver
67
Amount of drug administered at one time to achieve the desired effect
Dose
68
Initial dose of a drug given to get the drug concentration to therapeutic range in a short period of time
Loading Dose
69
Dose of a drug that maintains the drug at therapeutic range
Maintenance dose
70
Total amount of a drug received in 24 hrs
Total Daily Dose
71
The amount of drug per animal species body weight
Dosage
72
Too much of the medicine
Outright overdose
73
Gave recommended amount but it was too much
Relative overdose
74
Normal effects we expect to see
Side Effects
75
Unwanted side effect
Adverse side effect
76
Misdiagnosis
Incorrect Treatment
77
What can reverse narcotics?
Naloxone
78
How to treat a drug toxicity
1. Removal of offending drug 2. Enhance drug removal by the animal 3. Conteract with antidote 4. Provide symptomatic care

Pharm I (7 decks)

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