Chapter 8 - Cardiovascular System Drugs

Question 1

Gets rid of excess Na

Answer 1

Diuretics

Question 2

Drug of choice for edema with CHF
Loop diuretic
Inhibits 25% of the Na absorbed by kidneys
Side effects: electrolyte imbalance, hypokalemia

Answer 2

Furosemide

Lasix

Question 3

Works on the DCT
Increases sodium and water excretion
Side effects: electrolyte imbalance and hypokalemia

Answer 3

Hydrochlorothiazide

Question 4

Potassium sparing diuretic
Works in the DCT by blocking aldosterone (sodium absorption)
Used for heart failure and ascites

Answer 4

Spironolactone

Question 5

These drugs increase or decrease the force of contraction

Answer 5

Inotropic agents

Question 6

AKA Cardiac Glycoside

Answer 6

Digoxin

Question 7

Used for CHF
Positive inotrope (increases contraction)
Vasodilator
Can cause hypotension

Answer 7

Pimobendan (Vetmedin)

Question 8

Used to decrease hypertension

Answer 8

Antihypertensive agents

Question 9

The cascade of events every time the body raises BP

Answer 9

Renin-Angiotensin System

Question 10

9 steps to the Renin-angiotensin system

Answer 10

1. Low BP is detected
2. Renin gets released into the blood from kidneys
3. Renin travels to the liver and converts it to aniotensinogen I
4. Angiotensin I travels to lungs
5. Alveolar cells convert Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II by using ACE
6. Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction
7. Angiotensin causes aldosterone release
8. ADH is released
9. As BP increases, blood flow to kidneys increases and renin decreases

Question 11

Used to decrease BP with CHF by blocking the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
Promotes dilation of vessels
Most commonly and widely used for hypertension
Enalapril and Benazapril

Answer 11

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

AKA ACE inhibitors

Question 12

Used to decrease BP by dilating arteries

Side effects: hypotension, tachycardia, GI upset

Answer 12

Arteriole dilators

Hydralazine (Apresoline)

Question 13

Used to decrease BP by dilating veins

Answer 13

Venodilators

Question 14

A common venodilator ointment used in veterinary medicine

Answer 14

Nitroglycerin

Question 15

Used to decrease BP and <3 contraction
Treats dog and cat hypertension
Blocks Ca w/in the myocardium
Can cause hypotension

Answer 15

Ca Channel Blockers

Question 16

Amiodipine
Verapamil
Diltiazem

Answer 16

Ca Channel Blockers

Question 17

Excitatory neurotransmitters that are naturally produced by the body
Can be given to increase HR, force, blood glucose, and BP

Answer 17

Catecholamines

Question 18

4 Catecholamine receptors

Answer 18

1. Alpha I
2. Alpha II
3. Beta I
4. Beta II

Question 19

Which catecholamine receptor is within peripheral blood vessels?

Answer 19

Alpha I

Question 20

The catecholamine receptor that is found in the area of synapse

Answer 20

Alpha II

Question 21

Catecholamine receptor found in the heart

Answer 21

Beta I

Question 22

Catecholamine receptor found in the lungs

Answer 22

Beta II

Question 23

Used for anaphylaxis and cardiac arrest
Targets all adrenergic receptors
Different dosing for each route
EMERGENCIES ONLY

Answer 23

Epinephrine

Question 24

Used for acute heart failure at a CRI
Beta I and Alpha I only
EMERGENCIES ONLY

Answer 24

Dopamine

Question 25

Stabilizes to a normal heart rhythm | 4 Classes of these drugs

Answer 25

Antiarrythmics

Question 26

Arrhythmia above the ventricles

Answer 26

Supraventricular

Question 27

Arrhythmia with the ventricles or valves

Answer 27

ventricular

Question 28

Blocks Na+ and rests the heart | Lidocaine and Quinidine

Answer 28

Class I Antiarrhythmics

Question 29

``` AKA Beta Blockers Beta adrenergic blocking agents Used for any type of tachycardia Highly protein bound Ex: propanolol and atenolol ```

Answer 29

Class II Antiarrythmics

Question 30

Beta blocker Used to treat ventricular tachycardia Ex: sotalol

Answer 30

Class III Antiarrthymics

Question 31

Ca channel blockers Slows contractions and HR Diltiazem

Answer 31

Class IV Antiarrhytmics

Question 32

Blood thinners that block one or more factors on the coagulation cascade

Answer 32

Anticoagulants

Question 33

Used for blood tubes, transfusions, thromboembolisms, and pts with DIC Interferes with the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin Inj. only

Answer 33

Heparin

Question 34

Counteracts Heparin overdose

Answer 34

Protamine sulfate

Question 35

Binds to Ca and other minerals and metals Lavender top tubes Inj. form is used in the treatment of lead poisoning and cardiac glycoside toxicity

Answer 35

Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid | EDTA

Question 36

Binds Vitamin K and inhibits formation of prothrombin | Side effects include bleeding and weakness

Answer 36

Coumarin Derivatives | Warfarin

Question 37

Anti-platelet activity by inhibiting thromboxane production (sticky substance on platelets) Prevents thromboembolisms in pts with Heartworm Dz

Answer 37

Aspirin

Question 38

When dosing a cat with aspirin they should receive

Answer 38

Baby aspirin | 81 mg q 72 hrs

Question 39

Allows blood to clot

Answer 39

Parenteral Hemostatic agents

Question 40

Involved in the clotting cascade Naturally occuring Used in the treatment of rodenticide toxicity or bleeding disorders Not used for acute traumatic bleeding (6-12 hrs to produce clotting factors)

Answer 40

Vitamin K

Question 41

Man made form of Vitamin K

Answer 41

Phytonadione

Question 42

Used to supplement anemia

Answer 42

Iron

Question 43

Hormone made by the kidneys Stimulates bone marrow to produce RBCs Used to treat anemia in pts with CRF

Answer 43

Erythropoietin