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Pharm I > Chapter 11, GI Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 11, GI Drugs Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

When animal brings up undigested food

A

Regurgitation

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2
Q

When an animal expels digested food

A

Vomiting

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3
Q

Decreases salivary flow
Secondary to anesthetic drug use
Causes dry eye, dry mouth, and urine retention
Decreases GI motility

Glycopyrrolate(Robinol)
Atropine(Atropine injectable)

A

Antisialogues

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4
Q

Prevent diarrhea

A

Antidiarrheals

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5
Q

5 types of antidiarrheals

A
  1. Anticholingergics
  2. Protectants/Adsorbents
  3. Opiate/Narcotic analgesics
  4. Probiotics
  5. Anaerobic antibiotics
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6
Q

Block acetylcholine and reduces GI motility

A

Anticholinergics

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7
Q

Atropine, Aminopentamide, and Propantheline are examples of

A

Anticholinergics (an antidiarrheal)

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8
Q

Coats the lining of the stomach

A

Protectants

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9
Q

Magnet for toxins, bind to anything in the gut (gases, toxins, and drug molecules)

A

Adsorbents

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10
Q

You should give a protectant or adsorbent ____________ after other medications

A

1/2 hr-1hr

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11
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate, Kaolin/pectin, and activated charcoal are examples of

A

Protectants and Adsorbents

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12
Q

Coats intestinal mucosa, as a protectant
Has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects
Should not be used in cats

A

Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol0

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13
Q

Why shouldn’t Bismuth Subsalicylate be used in cats?

A

It has aspirin-like products

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14
Q

Give after other medications because it’s an adsorbent
Acts as an adsorbent and protectant
Should not be used in cats

A

Kaolin/Pectin

Kaopectolin

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15
Q

Adsorbent
Fine, black, tasteless powder to absorb many chemicals and drugs in the upper GI tract
Used when ingestion of toxin and vomiting is contraindicated

A 
Activated charcoal
(Liqui-char, Toxiban)
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16
Q

These antidiarrheals should be taken at the same time every day
Replenishes normal flora in the gut
Can contain live cultures, so they should be refrigerated

A

Probiotics

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17
Q

Lactobacillus sp.
Enterococcus sp.
and Bifidobacterium are examples of

A

normal flora in the gut

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18
Q

Antibiotic/antidiarrheal

Used to treat canine diarrhea and IBD

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

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19
Q

Used to evacuate the bowels without excessive straining, treat nondietary constipation, and move intestinal blockages

A

Laxatives

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20
Q

5 types of laxatives

A
  1. Osmotics
  2. Stimulants
  3. Bulk forming
  4. Emollients
  5. Cathartics
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21
Q

Sodium phosphate with sodium bupophosphate is AKA

A

Fleet Enema

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22
Q

Fleet Enemas shouldn’t be used on _____ because they are sensitive to Na imbalances

A

cats

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23
Q

Fleet Enemas, magnesium hydroxide, lactulose, and magnesium sulfate are all examples of

A

Osmotic laxatives

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24
Q

Magnesium hydroxide are AKA

A

Milk of Magnesia

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25
Osmotic laxative used to eject feline hairballs
Lactulose
26
Magnesium sulfate AKA
Epsom salts
27
Stimulant that can be an enteric coated tablet or suppository
bisacodyl (Docolax)
28
Stimulant that is ricinoleic acid that causes abdominal cramping and diarrhea
Castor oil
29
This type of laxative increases water in the stool and adds fiber Causes flatulence
Bulkforming
30
Bran, psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid(metamucil), and polycarbophil are examples of
Bulk-forming laxatives
31
These laxatives contain petroleum and used as a paste Lubricants and stool softeners Ex: Laxatone and catlax
Emollients
32
These drugs stop vomiting
Antiemetics
33
Ruminants, horses, rabbits, rats, and mice should not/can't
vomit
34
The vomiting center of the brain is located in
the medulla oblongata
35
5 Neurotransmitters for the medulla oblongata/vomiting
1. Serotonin 2. Dopamine 3. Acetylcholine 4. Histamine 5. Substance P
36
Found inside the blood brain barrier that responds to stimuli from CSF or blood Detects changes and stimulates the vomiting center
Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CRTZ)
37
Most widely used antiemetics in veterinary medicine
Phenothiazine derivatives
38
Inhibits dopamine and lowers the seizure threshold
Phenothiazine derivatives
39
Used to aid motion sickness, vaccine reactions, and inner ear problems
Antihistamines
40
acepromazine, chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine, perphenazine
Phenothiazine derivatives
41
Diphenhydramine, meclizine, and dimenhydrinate are examples of
Antihistamines
42
Drying agents that block acetylcholine peripherally Lowers intestinal motility and secretions Not the go-to drugs for antiemetics aminopentamide atropine propantheline
Anticholinergics
43
Block dopamine receptors in the CRTZ and lower gastroesophageal reflux (acid reflux) Used to treat motion sickness and prevent and control vomiting Should not be used with GI bleeding, perforations, or obstructions metaclopramide (reglan)
Procainamide derivatives
44
Inhibits substance P Used extra-labelly in cats maropitant citrate (cerenia)
Neurokinin (n1) receptor antagonists
45
These drugs are used for the treatment of poisoning and drug overdoses Check with poison control before administering Do not use for caustic agents that were ingested Can be centrally acting or peripherally acting
Emetics
46
Apomorphine and xylazine are examples of
Centrally Acting emetics
47
Stimulates dopamine at the CRTZ Given peripherally or subconjunctivally Causes dry heaving
Apomorphine
48
Emetic of choice for cats | Mechanism of action is not fully understood
xylazine
49
A peripherally acting emetic that is OTC oral Works within 10-30 minutes Not recommended because of it's horrible palatability
Syrup of Ipecac
50
A home remedy used to induce vomiting | Max dose should be 2 Tbsp
Hydrogen Peroxide
51
An erosion of the GI tract
ulcer
52
Antacids, Histamine 2 antagonists, mucosal protective drugs, prostaglandinanalogs, proton pump inhibitors are
Ulcer Stopping Drugs | Antiulcers
53
Neutralizes HCl and decreases pepsin activity Do not coat the ulcer and interact with other drugs magnesium hydroxide aluminum/magnesium hydroxide aluminum hydroxide
Antacids
54
Causes electrolyte imbalance and is contraindicated in pts with renal dz
Milk of Magnesia (magnesium hydroxide)
55
Given to patients who have hyperphosphatemia
Amphojel (aluminum hydroxide)
56
Block the production of acid by decreasing acid secretions cimetidine ranitidine famotidine
H2 Blockers
57
First H2 blocker developer
Tagament (cimetidine)
58
H2 Blocker that is Potent, longer duration of action
Zantac (ranitidine)
59
Potent H2 blocker
famotidine (pepcid)
60
These drugs act as a bandaid for damaged mucosa Be sure to administer antacids before Can cause constipation sucralfate (carafate)
Mucosal Protective Drugs
61
Given in 1 gram tablets, usually dissolved in water
sucralfate (carafate)
62
Supresses gastric secretions and increases mucosa production in the GI tract Given to animals on NSAIDS to prevent ulcers DO NOT HANDLE WHEN PREGNANT misopostal (cytotec)
Prostaglandin analogs
63
Inhibits hydrogen transport into the stomach so that the cells can not secrete HCl Decreases acid production so the stomach and esophagus can heal omeprazole (prilosec) lansoprazole (prevacid)
Proton Pump Inhibitors
64
This Proton Pump Inhibitor is time released to treat gastroesophageal ulcers Horses can use this
Prilosec (omeprazole)
65
Used extra label to treat gastroesophageal ulcers
prevacid (lansoprazole)
66
Prokinetic agents that enhance the passage of intraluminal contents of the GI tract Can also be used as antiemetics Parasympathomimetic agents Dopaminergic antagonists Sertonergic agents
Motility enhancing
67
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and Cholinergics are examples of these types of motility enhancing drugs
Parasympathomimetic agents
68
These types of Parasympathomimetic agents compete with acetylcholine for acetylcholinestrase Also increases salivation and intestinal tone neostigmine (prostigmin)
Acetylcholinestrase inhibitors
69
These motility enhancing drugs mimic the parasympathetic nervous system Enhance acetylcholine dexpanthenol
Cholinergics
70
This drug treats intestinal distension or atony Colic Used after surgery to increase GI motility
dexpanthenol
71
This type of GI Motility Enhancing drug blocks dopamine and increases acetylcholine Stimulates the gastroesophageal sphincter, stomach, and intestinal motility by sensitizing tissues to the action of acetylcholine metoclopramide (reglan)
Dopaminergic Antagonists
72
This GI motility enhancing drug stimulates the gastroesophageal sphincter, stomach, small intestine, and colon cisapride (propulsid)
Serotonic Agents
73
Treats constipation and reflux | Serotonic agent
cisapride (propulsid)
74
Used to treat pts with pancreatic exocrine deficiencies
Enzyme Supplements

Pharm I (7 decks)

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