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Flashcards in Chappy 1: Evolution of Psych Deck (30)
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1
Q

Criteria of science

A

Falsifiability, Doubt + criticality, and Replication + quality control

2
Q

Define parsimony (Ockham’s Razor)

A

Don’t overcomplicate - simplest answer is usually accurate

3
Q

Define Behaviourism,

Who founded it?

A

Psych should study only observable behavior (stimulus straight to response)

John. B Watson

4
Q

Define Clinical Psych
when was it popularized?
what are the branches?

A

Concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders (prescription)

Post-WWII - clinical boom

school, industrial/organizational, counseling

5
Q

Define evolutionary psych

example?

A

Knowledge and principles of evolutionary bio are put to use in research on the structure of the mind

Mind is designed by natural selection

Kenrick and Keefe - age preferences in mates reflect sex differences

6
Q

Define functionalism

A

Streams of consciousness, psych should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness rather than its structure.

William James

7
Q

Define structuralism

who founded it?

A

Psych should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness rather than its structure.

Edward Titchner

8
Q

Define humanism

who is a popular humanist?

A

Emphasizes the unique qualities of humans - especially freedom and potential for personal growth

Carl Rogers

9
Q

Define introspection

who’s famous for it?

A

Obersvations of the operations of one’s own mind

Willhelm Wundt

10
Q

Natural Selection

who founded?

A

Heredity is based on adaptive evolutionary traits

Charles Darwin

11
Q

Define positive psych
what are three areas of interest?
who founded? what is he famous for?

A

Uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative and fulfilling aspects of human existence.
Measures of happiness and depression as well as positive intervention tasks (three good things)

Subject experiences, individual traits, institutions/communities

Martin Seligman: Learned helplessness

12
Q

Define psychoanalytic theory

who’s famous for it?

A

Explains personality, motivation + mental disorder - unconscious influencers of behavior

Sigmund freud

13
Q

Willhelm Wundt

A

Founded first psych lab 1879
Father of modern psych
Remebered for Introspection

14
Q

Stimulus

A

thing/evet that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue

15
Q

Psychology

A

scientific study of the human mind and its functions

16
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Unconscious thoughts, memories, desires influence behaviour - ID, EGO, Superego

Developed theories based on patient observation

Psychoanalysis + Psychoanalytical theory

17
Q

G. Stanley Hall

A

First psych lab - John Hopkins U.S

18
Q
Donald Hebb
(hints: hebbian learning rule, long term potencial)
A

Hebbian learning rule: when two neurons are active @ same time, the connection between them is strengthened

Long term potential: long lasting increase in neural excitability in synapses along specific neural pathway

19
Q

William James

A

Investigates mental testing, patterns of development, educational practices + behavior differences between sexes

Functionalism

20
Q

Brenda Millner

A

Crucial contribution to memory - H.M (retrograde and anterograde amnesia)

21
Q

Carl Rogers

A

Humanistic approach: person centered therapy

Congruence, empathy, unconditional positive reward

22
Q

Martin Seligman

A

Positive psych - learned helplessness (dogs)

23
Q

B.F Skinner

A

Bheaviourist (most famous)
Behaviour is shaped by consequences - operant conditioning

advocated for the control of behaviour via conditioning in a real-world setting

24
Q

Pavlov

A

Classical conditioning - pavlov’s druling dog

25
Q

John B. Watson

A

founds behaviourism

26
Q

Define Cognition

A

Mental processes involved in aquiring knowledge

27
Q

Define empiricism

A

All knowledge derived from sense experience

28
Q

Define applied psychology

A

use of psychological methods and findings of scientific psychology to solve practical problems of human and animal behavior and experience

29
Q

Define Testwiseness

A

Any skill that allows a student to choose the correct item without knowing the correct answer

30
Q

Define the SQ3R method

A

reading coprehension method: survey, question, read, recite, and review