Chaps 1-6

Question 0

Micronutrients

Answer 0

Needed in smaller amounts, vitamins and minerals

Question 1

Macronutrients

Answer 1

Energy yielding nutrients needed in higher amounts. Carbs, lipids and proteins

Question 2

Water

Answer 2

Most vital if all six nutrients

Question 3

Provide 4kcal/g

Answer 3

Carbs and protein

Question 4

Provide 9 kcal/g

Answer 4

Fats

Question 5

Organic compound contains

Answer 5

Carbon

Question 6

Nitrogen is a distinguishing element in

Answer 6

Protein

Question 7

Carbs supply ______ a major energy source

Answer 7

Glucose

Question 8

Vitamins and minerals are essential for metabolism but do not provide

Answer 8

Energy/calories

Question 9

Vitamins are

Answer 9

Organic

Question 10

Minerals are

Answer 10

Inorganic

Question 11

Recommended Dietary Allowance

Answer 11

Avg amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of nearly all individuals 97-98%

Question 12

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

Answer 12

Highest amount of nutrient that is unlikely to cause harm if consumed daily, consuming more may cause toxicity

Question 13

AMDR

Answer 13

Carbs 1/2
Fats 1/3
Proteins 1/4

Question 14

Make 1/2 your plate

Answer 14

Fruits & vegetables

Question 15

Nutrient density

Answer 15

Foods with high nutrient density have more nutrients per calorie than gods with lower

Question 16

FDA mandates every packaged food to be labeled with

Answer 16

List of ingredients in descending order by weight

Question 17

Hunger & thirst

Answer 17

Physiological

Question 18

Appetite

Answer 18

Psychological

Question 19

Majority of digestion occurres

Answer 19

In the small intestine

Question 20

Enzymes in saliva that soften and dissolve food particles

Answer 20

Salivary amylase

Question 21

Hydrochloric acid (HCI)

Answer 21

Acidic, has pH1, neutralization happens after going through the stomach. Activates pepsin

Question 22

Large intestine

Answer 22

Absorbs water and electrolytes, no digestive enzymes

Question 23

Insulin & glucagon

Answer 23

Regulate blood glucose, hormones not enzymes. Produced in the pancreas

Question 24

Glucose & carbohydrates are the most desirable form of

Answer 24

Energy for the body

Question 25

Brain, nervous system & red blood cells rely on _____ for a fuel source

Answer 25

Glucose

Question 26

Monosaccharides

Answer 26

Glucose, fructose and galactose

Question 27

Disaccharides

Answer 27

2 monosaccharides joined together

Question 28

Maltose

Answer 28

Glucose + glucose

Question 29

Sucrose

Answer 29

Glucose + fructose

Question 30

Lactose

Answer 30

Glucose + galactose

Question 31

Polysaccharides

Answer 31

3 complex carbs: Starch, fiber and glycogen

Question 32

Glycogen

Answer 32

Storage form of glucose, stored in liver & muscle cells

Question 33

T/F: lactose intolerant people can still consume dairy products

Answer 33

True, in moderation

Question 34

Insulin is released by

Answer 34

The pancreas

Question 35

Glucagon

Answer 35

Released from pancreas, raises blood glucose levels

Question 36

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 36

Makes protein --> glucose

Question 37

Ketosis

Answer 37

Elevated blood levels after fasting for about 2 days

Question 38

Sugar has been proven to contribute to

Answer 38

Dental caries (cavities)

Question 39

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 39

5-10% of cases, autoimmune disease. Insulin not produced

Question 40

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 40

90-95% of cases, insulin resistance

Question 41

Reactive hypoglycemia

Answer 41

Low blood sugar after eating a carbohydrate snack or meal. Prevented by eating small, well balanced meals throughout the day

Question 42

3 types of lipids (fats) found in the body

Answer 42

Triglycerides (fats), phospholipids, sterols (cholesterol)

Question 43

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 43

No double bonds

Question 44

Monounsaturated fatty acids

Answer 44

1 double bond

Question 45

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Answer 45

>1 double bond

Question 46

Triglyceride

Answer 46

3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol backbone

Question 47

Phospholipids

Answer 47

Make cell membranes

Question 48

Sterols

Answer 48

Precursor for vitamin d, bile acids & sex hormones

Question 49

Chylomicrons

Answer 49

1st thing made from fats w long chain fatty acids

Question 50

LDL

Answer 50

Bad cholesterol

Question 51

HDL

Answer 51

Good cholesterol

Question 52

2 essential polyunsaturated fatty acids

Answer 52

Linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid

Question 53

Best way to raise HDL

Answer 53

Exercise

Question 54

How many essential amino acids

Answer 54

9

Question 55

How many nonessential amino acids

Answer 55

11 (still necessary for protein synthesis)

Question 56

#1 protein

Answer 56

Collagen

Question 57

Can also be stored as fat (excess dietary protein)

Answer 57

Amino acids

Question 58

Proteins that act as catalysts

Answer 58

Enzymes

Question 59

Creates most satiety (fullness)

Answer 59

Protein

Question 60

Positive nitrogen balance

Answer 60

More nitrogen retained than excreted, infants, children & pregnant women

Question 61

Negative nitrogen balance

Answer 61

More nitrogen excreted than consumed, starvation, serious injury or illness

Question 62

What happens if you get too much protein

Answer 62

Calcium loss from bones/osteoporosis

Question 63

Complete proteins

Answer 63

Contain all 9 essential amino acids

Question 64

Incomplete proteins

Answer 64

Lacking at least 1 essential amino acid

Question 65

Complemented

Answer 65

Beans and rice, peanut butter and wheat bread