Chaps 7-10

Question 0

More likely to be toxic than water soluble ones

Answer 0

Fat soluble vitamins

Question 1

Do not provide energy

Answer 1

Vitamins

Question 2

Antioxidants

Answer 2

Neutralize free radicals

Question 3

Free radicals are

Answer 3

Oxygen containing molecules that can damage the cells of the body and possible contribute to to increased risk of chronic diseases

Question 4

Chronic Vitamin A deficiency can cause

Answer 4

Night blindness

Question 5

Prolonged vitamin A deficiency can lead to

Answer 5

Xerophthalmia

Question 6

Vitamin E

Answer 6

Antioxidant

Question 7

Vitamin K

Answer 7

Essential for blood clotting

Question 8

Vitamin D

Answer 8

Skin pigment melanin and use of sunscreen reduce vitamin D production. Regulates bone minerals calcium and phosphorus

Question 9

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 9

Rickets, osteomalacia (adult equivalent), osteoporosis

Question 10

B vitamins

Answer 10

Share common role as coenzymes

Question 11

Beriberi

Answer 11

Thiamin (B1) deficiency, loss of appetite, weight, memory; confusion

Question 12

Pellagra

Answer 12

Niacin (B3) deficiency. Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death (4 Ds)

Question 13

Folate deficiency

Answer 13

Neural tube birth defects

Question 14

Vitamin B12

Answer 14

Requires intrinsic factor, protein made in the stomach. Only found in animal foods

Question 15

Pernicious anemia

Answer 15

People who cannot make intrinsic factor (absorption of B12 decreases with age)

Question 16

Vitamin C

Answer 16

Ascorbic acid, prevents scurvy, needed to make collagen, antioxidant, helps absorb iron from plant foods

Question 17

People who could benefit from a supplement

Answer 17

Pregnant/lactating women, elderly, strict vegetarians, people with food allergies, medical conditions, low cal diets

Question 18

Most abundant source in the body

Answer 18

Water

Question 19

Intercellular fluids

Answer 19

Fluids inside cells

Question 20

Extracellular fluids

Answer 20

Interstitial fluid between cells and fluid in the blood

Question 21

Electrolytes

Answer 21

Minerals that help maintain fluid balance

Question 22

Hyponatremia

Answer 22

Caused by over consumption of water

Question 23

Water

Answer 23

Universal solvent, medium for chem reactions, part of blood, transports oxygen, nutrients and hormones to cells. Maintains body temp, lubricant, cushion

Question 24

Most of the sodium consumed by Americans is from

Answer 24

Processed food

Question 25

Potassium comes from

Answer 25

Fruits and veggies

Question 26

Most abundant mineral in the body

Answer 26

Calcium

Question 27

Peak bone mass occurs in

Answer 27

Early adulthood/20s

Question 28

Heme iron

Answer 28

From animal sources

Question 29

Non heme iron

Answer 29

From plant foods. Absorption increases if eaten with vitamin c

Question 30

Iron deficiency

Answer 30

Most common nutritional disorder in the world

Question 31

Hemochromatosis

Answer 31

Genetic disorder causes iron overload

Question 32

Selenium is part of

Answer 32

Selenoproteins, enzymes, antioxidants

Question 33

Selenium deficiency

Answer 33

Keshan disease, seen in children in rural areas with selenium poor soils

Question 34

Fluoride

Answer 34

Reduces dental carries

Question 35

Chromium

Answer 35

Increases insulin's effectiveness in cells

Question 36

Iodine deficiency

Answer 36

Goiter (enlarged thyroid gland)

Question 37

Alcohol interferes with insulin and glucagon that

Answer 37

Regulate blood glucose levels

Question 38

Alcohol can increase risk of

Answer 38

Osteoporosis and estrogen levels in women, sexual dysfunction, disrupt sleep, dehydration and electrolyte imbalances

Question 39

Cals per gram of alcohol

Answer 39

7

Question 40

No alcohol for pregnant women

Answer 40

Ever

Question 41

BMI

Answer 41

Weight to height ratio, >25 is overweight, >30 is obese

Question 42

Positive energy balance

Answer 42

Consume more calories than expended, leads to weight gain

Question 43

Negative energy balance

Answer 43

Calorie intake falls short of needs, leads to weight loss

Question 44

Energy is comprised of

Answer 44

Basal metabolism 50-70% Thermic effect of food 10% Physical activities 20-35%

Question 45

BMR

Answer 45

Minimum energy needed to meet basic physiological needs, 50-70% total energy needs

Question 46

Has greatest effect on BMR

Answer 46

Lean body mass

Question 47

Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)

Answer 47

Amount of calories expended to digest absorb and process food. About 10% of calories in food eaten

Question 48

Liver glycogen depletion

Answer 48

Causes rapid weight loss in low carbohydrate diets