Chapter 04: Gene Interaction Flashcards
(27 cards)
haplosufficiency (n.)
the ability of one copy of an allele to be sufficient to express the wild-type (dominant) phenotype
gene interactions (n.)
the ways genes collaborate or interact to influence a phenotype
haploinsufficiency (n.)
the inability of a single copy of an allele to produce the wild-type phenotype
gain-of-function mutation (n.)
A mutation in which the gene product acquires a new function or expresses increased wild type activity
loss-of-function mutation (n.)
A mutation in which the result is a significant decrease or complete loss of wild type gene product
neomorphic mutations (n.)
mutations that result in novel gene activities not found in the wild type
partial dominance (n.)
when heterozygous individuals display an intermediate phenotype between either homozygous type
What is another term for partial dominance?
Incomplete dominance
codominance (n.)
a detectable expression of both alleles, in which heterozygotes have a different phenotype than either homozygote
allelic series (n.)
the order of dominance among alleles at the same locus
penetrant (n.)
the phenotype of a trait being consistent with the genotype
nonpenentrant (n.)
the non-expression of the phenotype associated with a genotype
incomplete penetrance (n.)
traits for which nonpenetrance commonly occurs
variable expressivity (n.)
when the same genotype produces phenotypes that vary in degrees or magnitude of expression
pleiotropy (n.)
the alteration of multiple distinct traits by a mutation in a single gene
biosynthetic pathway (n.)
network of interacting genes that produces a molecular compound as an endpoint
signal transduction pathway (n.)
pathway that receives a chemical signal outside the cell and initiates a response inside the cell
developmental pathway (n.)
pathway that directs growth, development, and differentiation of body parts and structures
epistasis (n.)
the alleles of one gene modify or prevent expression of the alleles of another gene
genetic anticipation (n.)
phenom omen in which a trait becomes more strongly expressed or expressed earlier from generation to generation
What is the phenotype ratio in the absence of gene interaction?
9:3:3:1
What is the phenotype ratio in dominant gene interaction?
9:6:1
What is the phenotype ratio in complementary gene interaction?
9:7
What is the phenotype ratio in duplicate gene interaction?
15:1
