What is macrottauma?
Acture injure
What is microtrauma?
Chronic injury for repetitivr motions
Panjabi’s three models of stability?
Passive, active and control
Panjabi’s fourth system of stablisation?
Actively passive
Shat is passive stabilisation?
Due to the joint specifics, such as depth of joint and how stable
What is active stabilisation?
Due to muscles
What are local muscles?
Muscles enxt to a joint
What are global muscles?
Muscles that are large and have big funtions round the body, cossing two or more joints
What is control stability?
To do with afferent snd efferent nerve signsls
What is the active passive system?
Myofascia
What are evctors?
Physical quantitaies that include dirction and magnitude
What is synergistic dominance?
When there is weakness around a joint (neural, usually) and the body calls for other muscles to help stabilise the joint and thus become the prime mover
What is cocontraction?
When muscles wround a joint stimulate simultaneously
What is tensegrity?
Tension integrity; contributes to stability through tension sharing that occurs between soft tissues and the bones without tension
What is zone 1 2 and 3?
Zone 1: can talk
Zone 2: can say one word
Zone 3: can’t talk
Cardiorespiratory training includes what four areas?
Initial aerobic conditioning
Aerobic endurance training
Aerobic and anaerobic training
Anaerobic training
What does FITT stand for?
Frequency, Interval, Time and Type
What is the degeneration of muscle with age called?
Sacropenia
What does pattern refer to?
Rest intervals between sets and exercises
What rate do men make testosteorne compared to females?
15 to 20 times more
Another name for circuit training?
Vertical loading
What are pre-exhaustive sets?
Exhausting synergist movers to promote more exhaustion in prime movers (tricep and bench press)
Bishopers three types of recovery?
Immediate, short and long term
What cells help repair muscles?
Satellite cells; fuse together to repair fibres
What does stuart miguell suggest as the best resistance trianing exercise for all three ranges of motion and helping loeer back plane?
Inverted and one arm row
What are slosh pipes?
Tubes with water
Three types of flexibility?
Bopping, dynamic and static
What is bobbing stretching?
Bobbing a range of motion, like up and down to touch your toes
What structure helps keep myosin together?
Titin
How strong is collagen?
A weight greater than 10k will not pull it
What determines the length of a muscle cell?
Elastin
Rupture point of elastin?
150% of length
What is reverse elasticity?
The ability for w fibre to return to its normal length
What is viscosity? What is it dependant on?
The ability to resist loads. Dependant on time and temperature.
Six types of stretching?
Static, dynamic, ballistic, myofascial release, active isolated stretching and proprioresceptive neuromuscular fascilitstion
What is pnf?
Proprioreceptive nueromuscular fascilitation - usually with a partner; advanced static stretching, usually with contractions, to build proprioception
What is active isolated stretching?
Ais - short static holds with additional contractions around the joint to help stabilise. Primary focus on joint stability.
What is ballistic stretching?
Like bobbing
Three main techniwues of PNF?
Hold release
Contract relax
Contract relax agonist contraction
Alternative name for contract relax agonist contraction?
Slow reversal hold relax
Differnce between hold relax and contract relax?
Contract relax contracts the muscle while moving deeper
What is contract relax agonist contraction
Squeezes the agonist (ie quad in hammy stretch) during contract relax
Duration of AIS?
Two seconds of each static stretch
Six things fascia does:
Proprioception Adaptability Stabilisation Mobility Protection Force Transmission
What form should fascis be?
Wavy
What is utilised in ballsitic stretching?
Quick contractions of the agonist muscles
Four issues with ballistic stretching?
Inadequate neurlogical adaption
Initiates stretch reflex
Inadequate tissue adaption
Soreness resulting from injury
Zachewaski’s stretch modle order?
Static stretch (ss) Slow short end rsnge (sser) Slow full range (sfr) Fast full end range (ffer) Fast full range (ffr)
Heart rate reserve (HRR) is calculated by
subtracting resting heart rate from maximal heart rate
Which of the following is most likely to occur after a period of detraining?
Strength is more likely to be maintained than cardiorespiratory fitness
Exercises best able to enhance cardiorespiratory fitness are _______.
those that involve repetitive actions of large muscle groups.
The metabolic equivalent or MET is a measure of exercise
intensity
Which of the following is NOT one of the principles of training?
a) overload
b) specificity
c) progression
d) isolation
d