Chapter 07 02 Flashcards
(33 cards)
- What type of CR angle is required for the AP axial, inlet projection?
a. 30-degree cephalad
b. 10- to 15-degree cephalad
c. 20- to 30-degree caudad
d. 40-degree caudad
Answer: d. 40-degree caudad
- A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the lesser trochanters are not visualized. This pelvis projection was performed for nontraumatic reasons. What should the technologist do (if anything) to correct this on the repeat exposure?
a. Rotate the lower limbs more internally 15 to 20 degrees.
b. Do nothing. Accept the radiograph and do not repeat the exposure.
c. Ensure that the ASIS is an equal distance from the tabletop.
d. Angle the CR 10- to 15-degree cephalad.
Answer: b. Do nothing. Accept the radiograph and do not repeat the exposure
- A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the right iliac wing is foreshortened as compared with the left side. What specific positioning problem is present on this radiograph?
a. Left rotation
b. Right rotation
c. Right tilt
d. Incorrect CR centering or angulation
Answer: a. Left rotation
- A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the left obturator foramen is more open or elongated as compared with the right. What is the specific positioning error present on this radiograph?
a. Left rotation
b. Right rotation
c. Left tilt
d. Incorrect CR centering or angulation
Answer: b. Right rotation
- A radiograph of a unilateral frog-leg (modified Cleaves method) projection reveals that the femoral neck is foreshortened and distorted. The radiologist is concerned about pathology involving the neck. What can the technologist do to improve the visibility of the femoral neck without foreshortening during the repeat exposure?
a. Use a 20- to 25-degree cephalad CR angle.
b. Decrease the abduction of the femur to 20 to 30 degrees from vertical.
c. Oblique the patient 35 to 45 degrees toward the affected side with femur abducted to be in contact with tabletop.
d. Increase the abduction of the femur to about 60 to 70 degrees from vertical.
Answer: b. Decrease the abduction of the femur to 20 to 30 degrees from vertical.
- A radiograph of an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip reveals a soft tissue artifact seen across the affected hip. This artifact prevents a clear view of the femoral head and neck. What must the technologist do to eliminate this artifact or its effect during the repeat exposure?
a. Increase the kVp.
b. Move the IR closer to the grid to prevent grid cutoff.
c. Increase the elevation and flexion of the patient’s unaffected leg.
d. Slightly rotate the patient toward the affected side and angle 5-degree caudad.
Answer: c. Increase the elevation and flexion of the patient’s unaffected leg.
- A PA axial oblique projection (Teufel method) is performed on a patient. The resultant radiograph demonstrates distortion of the acetabulum. The following positioning factors were used: 40-degree anterior oblique, 12-degree cephalad CR angle, and CR centered to the upside hip (acetabulum). What needs to be modified during the repeat exposure?
a. Increase CR angle to 15-degree cephalad.
b. Change CR angle to 12-degree caudad.
c. Increase rotation of anterior oblique to 45 degrees.
d. Center CR to downside hip (acetabulum).
Answer: d. Center CR to downside hip (acetabulum)
- A radiograph of an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection reveals that there is an excessive amount of grid lines present. A 6:1 linear grid was used. Which of the following points will correct this problem on the repeat exposure?
a. Use a screen rather than a grid.
b. Decrease the SID.
c. Keep the image receptor and grid parallel to the femoral neck and perpendicular to the CR.
d. Keep the image receptor and grid perpendicular to the femoral neck.
Answer: c. Keep the image receptor and grid parallel to the femoral neck and perpendicular to the CR.
- A patient enters the emergency department (ED) having sustained trauma to the pelvis. The patient’s main complaint is about her left hip. Which of the following projections should be taken first to rule out fracture or dislocation?
a. AP pelvis
b. AP projection of the left hip
c. Axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the left hip
d. Unilateral frog-leg projection of the left hip
Answer: a. AP pelvis
- A nontrauma patient comes to radiology with a history of chronic pain of the right hip. The patient is ambulatory but has not had previous radiographs taken of that hip. Which of the following routines would be best suited for this patient?
a. AP and axiolateral (inferosuperior) projections of the right hip
b. AP pelvis and axiolateral frog-leg (modified Cleaves) projections of the right hip
c. AP pelvis and modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama) projections of the right hip
d. AP pelvis and AP axial (Taylor method) projections of the right hip
Answer: b. AP pelvis and axiolateral frog-leg (modified Cleaves) projections of the right hip
- A radiograph of an AP axial (Taylor) “outlet” projection reveals that the obturator foramina are not symmetric. What type of positioning error is present on this radiograph?
a. Tilt of the pelvis
b. Off-center CR
c. Rotation of the pelvis
d. Probable fracture of the pubis or ischium
Answer: c. Rotation of the pelvis
- During a repeat study of the AP axial (Taylor) outlet projection, both obturator foramina are symmetric but the ischial and pubic rami are not elongated. Which of the following positioning modifications must be performed to correct this error?
a. Increase the cephalic CR angulation.
b. Increase the caudad CR angulation.
c. Correct for rotation.
d. Use a perpendicular CR.
Answer: a. Increase the cephalic CR angulation.
- A patient enters the ED with a possible fracture of the inferior ischial ramus caused by trauma. The AP pelvis projection is inconclusive for determining the extent of the injury. What other projection can be taken to evaluate this region without excessive movement of the patient?
a. Posterior oblique (Judet) projection
b. AP axial “inlet” projection
c. Axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection
d. AP axial (Taylor) outlet projection
Answer: d. AP axial (Taylor) outlet projection
- A patient comes to radiology with a request for a right hip study. He is from an extended care facility and is confused about the cause of the injury. The technologist takes an AP pelvis, and when the lateral frog-leg projection is attempted, the patient complains loudly about the pain in his affected hip. What should the technologist do to complete the study?
a. Continue to position the patient, but move the affected limb more gently.
b. Perform the AP pelvis projection only.
c. Perform the axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection.
d. Perform the anterior pelvis (Taylor) outlet projection.
Answer: c. Perform the axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection.
- A patient enters the ER with possible bilateral fractured hips. Which of the following routines should be performed?
a. AP pelvis and axiolateral (inferosuperior) projections for both hips
b. AP pelvis and modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama method) projections for both hips
c. AP pelvis and bilateral frog-leg projections
d. AP pelvis and posterior oblique (Judet) projections
Answer: b. AP pelvis and modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama method) projections for both hips
- A patient comes to the ER with a possible fracture of the pelvic inlet region. The initial AP pelvis projection is inconclusive. What other projection(s) can be taken to assist with the diagnosis?
a. AP axial (40-degree caudad) projection
b. AP, bilateral (modified Cleaves method) frog-leg projection
c. Modified axiolateral projections
d. Teufel method
Answer: a. AP axial (40-degree caudad) projection
- A radiograph of an AP pelvis demonstrates that the right obturator foramen is foreshortened but the left foramen is open. Which one of the following positioning errors is present on this radiograph?
a. Right rotation
b. Left rotation
c. Right tilt
d. Excessive CR angle
Answer: a. Right rotation
- A patient enters the ER with a possible pelvic ring fracture due to an MVA. The initial pelvis projections do not reveal any fracture or dislocation, but the ER physician is concerned about a possible right acetabular fracture. Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the right acetabulum?
a. AP axial inlet projection
b. Axiolateral inferosuperior projection (Danelius-Miller method)
c. Modified axiolateral projection (Clements-Nakayama method)
d. Posterior oblique pelvis projection (Judet method)
Answer: d. Posterior oblique pelvis projection (Judet method)
- Which of the following lateral hip projections cannot be performed on a trauma patient with a possible hip fracture?
a. Modified Cleaves method
b. Clements-Nakayama
c. Danelius-Miller
d. AP axial inlet projection
Answer: a. Modified Cleaves method
- Which of the following projections requires that the IR be tilted 15 degrees from the vertical plane?
a. AP axial inlet projection
b. Axiolateral inferosuperior projection (Danelius-Miller method)
c. Modified axiolateral projection (Clements-Nakayama method)
d. Posterior axial oblique projection (Teufel method)
Answer: c. Modified axiolateral projection (Clements-Nakayama method)
- Which of the following imaging modalities will best detect early signs of bone infection of the pelvis?
a. Radiography
b. CT
c. Nuclear medicine
d. MRI
Answer: c. Nuclear medicine
- A study of a prosthetic hip demonstrates that the end of the prosthesis is cut off on the AP projection, but the entire device is demonstrated on the lateral projection. What should the technologist do next?
a. Repeat both the AP and lateral projections.
b. Repeat the AP projection only.
c. Ask another technologist for his or her opinion.
d. Ask the radiologist if he or she wants the AP projection repeated.
Answer: b. Repeat the AP projection only.
- How much CR angle, from the horizontal, is required for the modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama) projection?
a. None. The IR must be kept perpendicular to the tabletop.
b. 5 to 10 degrees
c. 15 to 20 degrees
d. 25 to 30 degrees
Answer: c. 15 to 20 degrees
- Which of the following projections can be performed to rule out a subtle fracture of the lower pelvic ring?
a. Danelius-Miller projection
b. Inlet projection
c. Teufel method
d. Bilateral Judet method
Answer: d. Bilateral Judet method
