Chapter 1

Question 1

Halides

Answer 1

Halogen is group 7 on the periodic table

Halides are halogen atoms with a negative charge

Fluoride 
Astatide
Chlorine 
Bromide 
Iodine

Question 2

What are the common atoms found in organic chem?

Answer 2

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

And the halides

Question 3

What holds together most organic compounds?

Answer 3

Covalent Bonds

- The sharing of an electron

Question 4

What is the octet rule?

Answer 4

Commonly the reactions go in a way to achieve the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas.

Trying to reach 8 electrons.

Question 5

What is a hybrid orbital?

Answer 5

In organic molecules the orbitals of the atoms are combined to form hybrid orbitals.

Consisting of S&P orbitals

Question 6

Bonding
Sigma Bonds
Pi Bonds

Answer 6

Sigma bonds

• Single bonds - Those in which the electron density is between the nucli
• Symmetrical about the axis
• Can freely rotate

Pi Bonds overlap above and below the plane of the atoms.

Question 7

How multiple bonds effect a bond?

Answer 7

Multiple bonds create a barrier to free rotation about the axis of the bond.
- means the molecule is more rigid.

As a rule more bonds decrease the bond length.

More bonds means more energy to break bonds.

Question 8

Delocalised electrons

Answer 8

Delocalisation of an electron occurs when the valance electrons of an atom does not stay in its shell + starts to move around freely in valance shells of its covalently bonded molecules

Question 9

Resonance

Answer 9

A method of describing the delocalised electrons in some molecules where the bonding can not be explicitly expressed by a single lewis structure.