Chapter 1

Question 1

study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

Answer 1

anatomy

Question 2

study of the function of body parts; how they work to carry out life-sustaining activities

Answer 2

physiology

Question 3

structure and function are

Answer 3

closely related

Question 4

study of large, visible structure

Answer 4

gross anatomy

Question 5

looks at all the structures in a particular area of the body

Answer 5

regional anatomy

Question 6

looks at just one system

Answer 6

system anatomy

Question 7

looks at the internal structures as they relate to overlying skin

Answer 7

surface anatomy

Question 8

deals with the structures too small to be seen by naked eye

Answer 8

microscopic anatomy

Question 9

microscopic study of cells

Answer 9

cytology

Question 10

microscopic study of tissues

Answer 10

histology

Question 11

studies anatomical and physiological development throughout life; changes from fertilization to death

Answer 11

developmental anatomy

Question 12

study of developmental changes before birth

Answer 12

embryology

Question 13

what a structure can do directly depends on its specific form

Answer 13

principle of complementarity of structure and function

Question 14

function always reflects ____

Answer 14

structure

Question 15

An example of complementarity of structure and function

Answer 15

the various shapes of teeth reflect different actions

Question 16

cellular structure and functions

Answer 16

cell biology

Question 17

internal body structures that can be visualized with techniques such as x-rays, MRI, CT scans, and other technologies for clinical analysis and medical interventions

Answer 17

imaging anatomy

Question 18

structural changes (gross to microscopic) associated with disease

Answer 18

pathological anatomy

Question 19

functions of individual molecules such as proteins and DNA

Answer 19

molecular physiology

Question 20

functional properties of nerve cells

Answer 20

neurophysiology

Question 21

hormones and how they control body functions

Answer 21

endocrinology

Question 22

functions of the heart and blood vessels

Answer 22

cardiovascular physiology

Question 23

“the body’s defenses against disease-causing agents”

Answer 23

immunology

Question 24

functions of the air passageways and lungs

Answer 24

respiratory physiology

Question 25

functions of the kidneys

Answer 25

renal physiology

Question 26

changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity

Answer 26

exercise physiology

Question 27

functional changes associated with disease and aging

Answer 27

pathophysiology

Question 28

there are __ levels of organization

Answer 28

6

Question 29

first level: containing atoms, molecules, and organelles

Answer 29

chemical level

Question 30

second level: single cell

Answer 30

cellular level

Question 31

third level: group of cells with similar structure, function, and common origin

Answer 31

tissue level

Question 32

fourth level: contains two or more types of tissues working together and performing a specific function

Answer 32

organ level

Question 33

fifth level: contains two or more organs working together to perform a life function (11 total)

Answer 33

organ system level

Question 34

sixth level: containing all organ systems combine to make the whole organism

Answer 34

organismal level

Question 35

maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth

Answer 35

the necessary life functions