CHAPTER 1 Flashcards by Krysta Ihra Mae Badiola

the science of body structures and the relationship among them

Anatomy

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the science of body function- how the body works

Physiology

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The first eight weeks of development after fertilization of a human egg

Embryology

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The complete development of an individual from fertilization to death

Developmental biology

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Microscopic structure of tissues

Histology

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Structures that can be examined without microscope

Gross anatomy

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Structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous system

Systemic Anatomy

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Specific regions of the body such as head or chest

Regional Anatomy

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Surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpation

Surface anatomy

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Internal body structure that can be visualized with techniques such as X-rays, MRI, CT scans and other technologies for clinical analysis and medical intervention

Imaging anatomy

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Structural changes (gross to microscopic) associated with disease

Pathological anatomy

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Functions of individual molecules such as protein and DNA

Molecular physiology

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Functional properties of nerve cells

Neurophysiology

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Hormones and how they control body functions

Endocrinology

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Functions of heart and blood vessels

Cardio-vascular physiology

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The body’s defenses against disease causing agents

Immunology

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Functions of air passageways and lungs

Respiratory physiology

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Functions of the kidneys

Renal physiology

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Changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity

Exercise physiology

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Functional changes associated with disease and aging

Pathophysiology

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head

cephalic

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neck

cervical

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skull

cranial

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face

facial

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forehead

frontal

temple

temporal

eye

ocular

ear

otic

cheek

buccal

nose

nasal

mouth

oral

chin

mental

breast bone

sternal

armpit

axillary

arm

brachial

front of elbow

antecubital

forearm

antebrachial

wrist

carpal

palm

palmar

finger

digital

thigh

femoral

anterior surface of the knee

patellar

leg

crural

foot

pedal

ankle

tarsal

toes

digital

great toe

hallux

top of foot

dorsum

pubis

pubic

hand

manual

thumb

pollex

pelvis

pelvic

groin

inguinal

hip

coxal

navel

umbilical

abdomen

abdominal

breast

mammary

chest

thoracic

base of the skull

occipital

shoulder blade

scapular

spinal column

vertebral

back of the elbow

cubital

between hips

sacral

buttock

gluteal

region of anus and external genitals

perineal

hollow behind knee

popliteal

calf

sural

sole

plantar

heel

calcaneal

back of the hand

dorsum

loin

lumbar

back

dorsal

toward the head or upper part of the structure

superior

away from the head or lower part of the structure

inferior

nearer to or at the front of the body

nearer to or at the back of the body

posterior

nearer to the midline

medial

farther from the midline

lateral

between two structures

intermediate

on the same side of the body from another structure

ipsilateral

on the opposite side of the body from another structure

contralateral

nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk

proximal

farther from the attachment of a limb

distal

towards the surface of the body

superficial

away from the surface of the body

deep

formed by cranial bones and contains brain

cranial cavity

formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord and the beginnings of the spinal nerves

vertebral cavity

chest cavity; contains pleural and pericardial cavities and mediastinum

Thoracic cavity

A potential space between the layers of the pleura that surrounds a lung

pleural cavity

A potential space between the layers of the pericardium that surrounds the heart

pericardial cavity

Central portion of thoracic cavity between the lungs; extends from sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to diaphragm; contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels

Mediastinum

subdivided into two abdominal and pelvic cavities

abdominopelvic cavity

contains stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, small intestine and most of the large intestine: serous membrane is peritoneum

abdominal cavity

contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine and internal organs of reproduction

pelvic cavity

CHAPTER 1 Flashcards

(94 cards)