CHAPTER 2

Question 1

substances move across cell membranes without the input of any energy; uses the kinetic energy of individual molecules or ions

Answer 1

Passive processes

Question 2

A cell uses energy primarily from the breakdown of ATP, to move a substance across the membrane

Answer 2

Active processes

Question 3

refers to the movement of molecules against a gradient

Answer 3

active processes

Question 4

Solutes are transported across ____ in active process

Answer 4

plasma membrane

Question 5

substances that cannot be split into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means

Answer 5

chemical elements

Question 6

unit of matter of all chemical elements are called

Answer 6

atoms

Question 7

quantity of matter composed of atoms of the same type

Answer 7

element

Question 8

number of protons in the nucleus

Answer 8

atomic number

Question 9

sum of the protons and neutrons in nucleus

Answer 9

mass number

Question 10

an atom that gave up or gained an electron

Answer 10

Ions

Question 11

atoms share electrons

Answer 11

molecule

Question 12

composed of or resulting from union of separate elements

Answer 12

compound

Question 13

sum of all the chemical reactions in the body

Answer 13

metabolism

Question 14

new bonds and/or old bonds are broken

Answer 14

chemical reaction

Question 15

the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of the products

Answer 15

Law of conservation of energy

Question 16

chemical compounds that speed up the chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur

Answer 16

catalysts

Question 17

synthesis reaction

Answer 17

anabolism

Question 18

decomposition reaction

Answer 18

catabolism

Question 19

huge organic molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus

Answer 19

nucleic acid

Question 20

forms the genetic code inside each cell and thereby regulates most of the activities that take place in our cells through out a lifetime

Answer 20

DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 21

relays instruction from genes in the cell’s nucleus to guide each cell’s assembly of amino acids into proteins by the ribosomes

Answer 21

Ribonucleic acid RNA

Question 22

basic units of nucleic acid

Answer 22

nucleotides

Question 23

molecules that forms the core of the cells ribosomes, structure where protein synthesis takes place

Answer 23

Ribosomal RNA

Question 24

carried the coding sequence for protein synthesis, responsible for transcription

Answer 24

Messenger RNA

Question 25

molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis

Answer 25

Transfer RNA

Question 26

Principal molecule for storing and transferring energy in the cell.

Answer 26

ATP

Question 27

Energy currency of the cell

Answer 27

ATP

Question 28

coverts ADP and phosphate to ATP

Answer 28

ATP Synthesis

Question 29

a small spherical sac formed by building off from a membrane

Answer 29

vesicle

Question 30

materials move into a cell in a vesicle formed from the plasma membrane

Answer 30

endocytosis

Question 31

membrane - enclosed structures called secretory vesicles that form inside the cell fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents into the extracellular fluid

Answer 31

exocytosis

Question 32

transport process that includes both endocytosis and exocytosis

Answer 32

transcytosis

Question 33

ingestion of solid particles

Answer 33

phagocytosis

Question 34

ingestion of extracellular fluid

Answer 34

pinocytosis

Question 35

random mixing particles that occurs in a solution as a result of kinetic energy of the particles

Answer 35

diffusion

Question 36

net movement of water through a selective permeable membrane from an area of high concentration of water to lower concentration of water

Answer 36

osmosis

Question 37

refers to how a solution influences they body shape of the cells

Answer 37

tonicity

Question 38

occurs when water and dissolved substances move through a membrane because of unequal pressure on the two sides of the membrane

Answer 38

filtration