Chapter 1 Flashcards
Define Anatomy
Study of structures of body parts and their relationship between each other.
Define Physiology
Study of functions of the body parts.
Define Gross/Macroscopic Anatomy
Study of large body structures visible to the naked eye.
Define Microscopic Anatomy
Study of structures too small to be seen with the naked eye.
Define cytology
study of cells of the body
Define Histology
study of tissues of the body
Name the different levels of structural organizations
Atoms, Molecules, Organelles, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism.
Importance of Cells?
The smallest units of living things
11 organ systems of the body
Integumentary system, Skeletal system, Muscular system, Nervous system, Endocrine system, Cardiovascular system, Lymphatic system, Respiratory system, Digestive system, Urinary system, Reproductive system.
Integumentary system
external body cover (skin) to protect deeper tissues from injury.
Skeletal system
protects and supports body organs. Provides a framework for the muscles to cause movement.
Muscular System
Maintains posture, and produces heat.
Nervous System
Responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands. (brain, spinal cord, nerves)
Endocrine System
Glands secrete hormones that regulate growth, reproduction and nutrient use.
Lymphatic System
Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood. Houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in immunity. immune responds to attacks of foreign substances within the body
Respiratory System
Supplies blood with oxygen. Removes Carbon Dioxide from blood.
Digestive System
Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution of body cells.
Urinary System
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from body. Regulates water, electrolyte and blood-acid balance of blood
Reproductive System
Production of offspring.
How does the body “maintain it’s boundaries”?
Skin
How does our body “move”?
Skeletal system allows the muscular system to pull as they move. Internal organs of the cardiovascular, digestive, and urinary system cause movement (blood, food, urine)
How does our body “respond to change”?
Nervous system uses stimuli to sense change and the receptor, control center, and effector are used to respond
How does our body “digest food”?
Digestive system breaks down food so that it can be absorbed into the blood.
How does our body “metabolize”?
all chemical reactions that occur within body cells. Breaks down substances, synthesizes smaller substances, and uses nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP.
