Chapter 1 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Theme 2: New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy.
- Biological organization based on hierarchy of structural levels
- At the lowest level are atoms ordered into complex biological molecules
- Biological molecules are organized into structures called organelles, components of cells
- Cells are fundamental unit of structure and function of living things
Theme 1: Evolution is the core theme of biology, the one idea that makes sense of everything we know about an organism
- Life has been evolving for billions of years, resulted in vast diversity of past/present organisms
- Organisms living on earth today are modified descendants of common ancestor
Three major structural levels above the cell?
-Cells grouped into tissues, tissues into organs, and several organs into an organ system
Organisms must accomplish same functions, that are:
-Uptake and processing of nutrients, excretion of wastes, response to environmental stimuli, and reproduction
Population
Localized group of organisms belonging to same species
Biological community
Population of several species in the same area
Ecosystems
Populations interact with their physical environment to form an ecosystem
Biosphere
Consists of all environments on Earth that are inhabited by life
(Moving from molecular level to biosphere)-Novel emergent properties
Emergent properties are created by new arrangements and interactions of parts as complexity increases
Reductionism
Reduction of complex systems to simpler components there are more manageable to study (how all parts of biological systems are functionally integrated)
Systems biology
- Ultimate goal is to model dynamic behavior of whole biological systems
- Allow biologists to predict how a change in one or more variables will affect system
- Important in cellular and molecular biology
Theme 3: Organisms interact with their environment, exchanging matter and energy
- Each organism interacts with it’s environment
- operation of any ecosystem includes two major processes: the cycling of nutrients and one way flow of energy from sunlight to producer
All activities of life require organisms to perform work, and work requires a source of energy
- The exchange of energy between an organism and it’s environment often involves transformation of energy one form to another
- In all energy transformations some energy lost to surroundings as heat
- Energy flows through ecosystem, usually entering as light and exiting as heat
Theme 4: Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization
- Form fits function; how a device works is correlated with its structure
- Guide to anatomy of life at all it’s structural levels
Theme 5: Cells are an organism’s basic units of structure and function
-Cell is the lowest level of structure capable of performing all the activities of life
Cell characteristics
- Every cell enclosed by a membrane that regulates passage of materials between the cell and its surroundings
- Every cell uses DNA as its genetic information
Eukaryotic Cells
- Largest organelle is the nucleus, contains DNA chromosomes
- Other organelles located in the cytoplasm
- Other forms of life have these (complex)
Prokaryotic Cells
- Simpler and smaller than eukaryotic
- DNA is not separated from cytoplasm in nucleus
- No membrane enclosed organelles and in cytoplasm
- Bacteria and archaea part of this group
Five kingdoms?
Plants, animals, fungi, single-felled eukaryotic organisms, and prokaryotes
Three new classifications of life?
Bacteria, Arachaea, and Eukarya
Domain Bacteria and domain Arachaea
Consist of prokaryotes, single-felled and microscopic
Domain Eukarya
All eukaryotes grouped into various kingdoms:
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
Inquiry
Asking questions about mature and focusing on specific questions that can be answered
Discovery science
Describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation and analysis of data
