Chapter 1

Question 1

chemistry

Answer 1

study of matter, properties, and changes it undergoes

Question 2

macroscopic

Answer 2

ordinary-sized objects

Question 3

submicroscopic

Answer 3

atoms and molecules

Question 4

matter

Answer 4

anything w/ mass and occupies space

Question 5

atoms

Answer 5

building blocks of matter

Question 6

molecules

Answer 6

2+ atoms joined

Question 7

gas

Answer 7

no fixed volume/shape, uniformly fills space, can be compressed/expanded

Question 8

liquid

Answer 8

distinct volume, assumes shape of space, not compressible

Question 9

solid

Answer 9

definite shape and volume, not compressible

Question 10

substance (pure)

Answer 10

distinct properties and same composition (doesn’t vary)

Question 11

elements

Answer 11

cannot be decomposed into simpler substance; 1 atom type w/ 1 molecule type

Question 12

diatomic elements

Answer 12

“have no fear of ice cold beer” Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Oxygen, Iodine, Chlorine, Promine

Question 13

compounds

Answer 13

can be decomposed into simpler substances; have definite composition

Question 14

law of constant composition

Answer 14

elemental composition of compound = always the same

Question 15

mixtures

Answer 15

2+ substances; retain chemical identity

Question 16

intensive properties

Answer 16

independent of the amount; inherent to substance (density, boiling point, color, temp)

Question 17

extensive properties

Answer 17

depend on amount of sample (mass, volume, energy)

Question 18

physical properties

Answer 18

observed w/o changing identity or composition; color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, hardness

Question 19

chemical properties

Answer 19

only observable when substances changes/reacts (flammability)

Question 20

physical change

Answer 20

physical appearance changes, chemical composition doesn’t (change of state, temp, volume)

Question 21

chemical reaction

Answer 21

substance transformed to chemically new substance; reacting substances converted to new substance

Question 22

filtration

Answer 22

separates solids from liquids

Question 23

distillation

Answer 23

separates liquid mixture based off boiling points

Question 24

chromatography

Answer 24

separates liquid mixture based on chemical properties

Question 25

energy

Answer 25

capacity to do work (no mass)

Question 26

work

Answer 26

energy transferred when force exerted on object causes mvmnt

Question 27

force

Answer 27

push/pull

Question 28

kinetic energy

Answer 28

energy of motion (KE= 1/2 mass x velocity)

Question 29

potential energy

Answer 29

position/stored energy

Question 30

chemical energy

Answer 30

released when bonds b/w atoms formed; consumed when bonds break

Question 31

celsius to fahrenheit

Answer 31

F = (9/5)C + 32

Question 32

Fahrenheit to celsius

Answer 32

C = (5/9) (F-32)

Question 33

Celsius to Kelvin

Answer 33

K = C +273.15

Question 34

Kelvin to Celsius

Answer 34

C = K-273.15

Question 35

SI units

Answer 35

length (m), mass (kg) , temp (K), time (sec), amount (mol), electrical current (Amp), luminous intensity (cd)

Question 36

mega

Answer 36

10^6

Question 37

kilo

Answer 37

10^3

Question 38

deci

Answer 38

10^-1

Question 39

centi

Answer 39

10^-2

Question 40

milli

Answer 40

10^-3

Question 41

micro

Answer 41

10^-6

Question 42

nano

Answer 42

10^-9

Question 43

pico

Answer 43

10^-12

Question 44

density

Answer 44

mass/volume

Question 45

precision

Answer 45

how close measurements are together (standard deviation)

Question 46

accuracy

Answer 46

how close 1 measurement agrees to true value

Question 47

SF: zeros b/w nonzeros

Answer 47

significant

Question 48

SF: zeros at beginning (before decimal)

Answer 48

not significant

Question 49

SF: zeros at end (after decimal)

Answer 49

significant

Question 50

SF: (+/-) rule

Answer 50

least decimal places

Question 51

SF: (x/%) rule

Answer 51

least SF