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Classics 1000 midterm 3 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Agon

A

Competition

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2
Q

Athlon

A

prize in a competition

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3
Q

Gymnikos agon

A

athletic competition

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4
Q

Hippikos agon

A

equestrian competition

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5
Q

Sporting events

A

Chariot race
Boxing
Wrestling
Footrace
Contest in arms
Weight throw
Spear throw

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6
Q

Homeric Value System

A

Shame culture
Person’s worth depends on social recognition
Material expression- gift of honor
Extreme competition
Agonistic culture- desire to always be the best

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7
Q

Crown games

A

most important games
Cycle of crown games = 6 festivals within 4 years
Four stephanic festivals: victory crowns

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8
Q

Four stephanic victory crowns

A

Olympia (Zeus)
-Olympics
-Olive Crown
Delphi (Apollo)
-Pythian games
-Laurel crown
Isthmia (Poseidon)
-Isthmius games
-Pine crown
Nemea
-Nemean games
-Celery crown

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9
Q

money games

A

cash prizes
great panathenaea in Athens
Prizes- Panathenaic amphorae filled with olive oil
Gold crowns for winners in musical competitions

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10
Q

What was every 4 years at the second full moon after the summer solstice

A

the olympics

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11
Q

Olympic festival

A

On month prior
- Heralds pronounce sacred truce throughout Greece
- Preparation of athletes at Elis
- Prep of stadium in Olympia
1 day prior
- Procession from Elis to Olympia
5 day festival
- Day 1: ritual purification, oath, age, classification
- Day 2: procession, equestrian competitions, pentathlon (full moon night)
- Day 3: religious highpoint: hecatomb for Zeus, feast, boys competition
- Day 4: athletic competitions
- Day 5: crowning of victors, victory dinner

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12
Q

Preparation for the olympics

A

10 Hellanodikai (judges) from Elis
Preparation of athletes
Arrival with trainers
Oath
Training together – know the strengths and weaknesses of competitors
Prepping the stadium
- Surface of the track
- Pit for the jumpers

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13
Q

Defining features of sanctuaries

A

Temenos wall separatinf sacred and profane land
Propyla: gateway
Altars
- Ash
- Or monumental
Temples
Dedications
- Statues, spoils of war
Other buildings
- Treasuries
- Gymnasium, theatre, stadium
- Stoas, dining rooms
- Fountain houses

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14
Q

Day 1 of the olympics

A

Welcome by crowds of festival visitors
Ritual purification (pig blood, cleansing with water)
Bouleuterion:
- Determination of age classes (boys vs men; no women)
- Olympic oath (no cheating) before Zeus
Trumpeter and herald competitions
Recitations of orators, sophists, historians

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15
Q

Day 2 of the olympics

A

Procession
- From Prytaneion to 63 altars
Hippodrome: equestrian competitions
- Winner: horse owner
- Four horse chariot race
- Two horse chariot race
- Four-foal chariot race
Stadium:
- Pentathlon: stadium race, wrestling, discus throw, long jump, javelin
throw

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16
Q

Day 3 of the olympics

A

Religious highpoint
Hecatomb for Zeus (sacrifice of 100 oxen)
Feast
Boys competition (stadium race, wrestling, boxing)
Temple of Zeus at Olympia
- Doric peripteral temple
- In the cella
Statue of Zeus by Phidias
Chryselephantine (gold and ivory)
One of the 7 wonders of the ancient world
- East pediment – contest between Pelops and Oenumaus
- West pediment- centauromachy: battle between Lapiths and Centaurs
- Metopes- 12 labors of Heracles

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17
Q

Day 4 of the olympics

A

Athletic competitions:
Oiling up in the locker room
Afterwards: scraping off with strigil and bath
Entrance through tunnel
Long distance race (9km)
Stadium race (192m)
- Winner’s name used for dating: 297BC= in the 4th year of the Olympiad
when Pythagoras won
Double stadium race
Wrestling – throw opponent 3 times
Boxing- with soft gloves and hard gloves from 4th cent onwards, fight until loser
gives up
Pankration (all powerful)- combo of boxing and wrestling, until loser gives up
Race in armor (helmet, shield)

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18
Q

Celebrating Athletic victories

A

 Herald announces victor
 Ribbon and palm branch immediately after victory
 Olive crown on day 5 of Olympic festival and victory dinner
 List of Olympic victors
 Dedication by victors of statues, strigil, discus
 Commissioning of victory ode (epinician choral song)
 Festival welcome of Olympic victory by his polis

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19
Q

Women and Athletics

A

 Women of marriageable age excluded from Olympics
 But women could win chariot races as owners
 Female athletics in Sparta
 Female competitions at various other festivals

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20
Q

healing is a gift from who

A

the gods

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21
Q

Cult of Asclepius

A

o Incubation healing (divine advice in dreams, spending night in
sanctuary)
o Voting offerings (offerings made to fulfill a vow made to a God or a thing
left in gratitude for some favour that was granted)

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22
Q

what are the two aspects of early Greek medicine

A

supernatural element (prayer, votives)
Practical battlefield surgery (dressing wounds)

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23
Q

Mythological origins of Greek medicine

A

o Chiron (wise centaur) taught Apollo and Asclepius (later: son of Apollo)
o Asclepiius taught his sons Machaon and Podalirius, who healed Greeks
at Troy

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24
Q

who is hippocrates of cos

A

the father of medicine

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25
Q

What was the sacred disease

A

epilepsy

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26
Q

Prognosis meaning

A

predicting the course of illness

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27
Q

Ionian Enlightment

A

o Natural causes of illness and disease
o Medicine becomes a science

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28
Q

What are the four humors

A

black bile, yellow bile, phlegm and blood

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29
Q

Health depends on harmonious interactions between who

A

the humors

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30
Q

All diseases and disabilities resulted from what

A

an excess or deficit of one of the four humors

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31
Q

The deficits were thought to be caused by what

A

by vapors inhaled or absorbed by the body

32
Q

Predominance of a humor produces the four main character types:

A

o The sanguine (bloody) buoyant type
o The phlegmatic, sluggish type
o The choleric (yellow bile), chick tempered type
o The melancholic (black bile), deject type

33
Q

Who is Galen

A

the physician of emperors

34
Q

what is the medical encyclopedia

A

o Collection of all available medical knowledge
o Complex and consistent, philosophically and anatomically sophisticated
description of how the body works
o Standard textbook until 19th century A.D.

35
Q

order of the periodization of roman history

A

Monarchy (753- 510BC)
Roman Republic (510-27BC)
Roman Empire (27BC- end)
Western roman empire (395-476 A.D)
Holy roman empire (800-1806 A.D.)
Eastern Roman Empire (395-1453 A.D)

36
Q

order of stages in Italy

A

Stone age
Bronze age
iron age

37
Q

what does aryan mean

A

Indo Germanic

38
Q

Mater meaning

A

mother

39
Q

Hittite successor states

A

o Phrygia
o Neo-Hittite
o Phoenicia
o Cyprus

40
Q

What cities were influenced by Phoenicians and Greeks

A

Erutria, Latium and Campania

41
Q

What happened during the orientalizing period

A

o Beginning of writing (Etruscans)
o Appearance of an elite (tombs)
o Cities and monumental architecture
o Hoplite warfare

42
Q

order of periods in italy

A

orientalizing period
Archaic period

43
Q

Which Greek gods became familiar to Italic tribes

A

Hercules, Apollo, castor, Pollux

44
Q

The Estrucans were heavily influenced by who

A

The Phoenicians and Greeks

45
Q

The estruscan alphabet is derived from who

A

the greeks

46
Q

why are sources for etruscan history biased

A

because they are only from Greek and Roman perspective

47
Q

Economic life of the estrucans

A

Agriculture, metallurgy, fine crafts, trade

48
Q

What blend was the estruscan culture

A

a blend of Greek and Phoenician culture

49
Q

in 600 who were the most powerful people in Italy

A

the estruscans

50
Q

When was rome founded

A

the 8th century

51
Q

Who is the earliest roman historian

A

Fabius Pictor

52
Q

who founded Rome

A

Romolus and Remus

53
Q

Whos Romolus and Remus father

A

Mars

54
Q

The foundation myths are a combination of what traditions

A

Greek, Etruscan, Latin and Roman tradition

55
Q

Sources for early roman history

A

 Archaeology
 Linguistics
 4th and 3rd cent Greek historians
 Traditional social norms and customs

56
Q

Prosperity in Etruria and Latium was due to whos influence

A

Greek and Phoenician influence

57
Q

public place for communal activity

A

Forum Romanum

58
Q

What is a long peninsula on the northern or European coast of the Mediterranean sea

A

Italy

59
Q

what coast was most favoured in Italy and why

A

the west coast was the most favoured because it had sufficient land and water

60
Q

Italy before the city

A

 Settlements were very small, a few huts
 Villagers planted barley and several types of wheat
 Tools were made of wood, bone, and stone

61
Q

what became a prominent factor in the development of central Italian societies

A

Maritime contact with the eastern Mediterranean

62
Q

Long distance trade was done how

A

by land and sea

63
Q

Greeks and Phoenicians had influence from where

A

Syria and Lebanon

64
Q

What is a city state

A

kind of a settlement and a form of political, military, and social organization:
o Consists of a clearly defined urban core
o Special areas designated for elite
o Communal activities
o Cemeteries surrounding it
o Surrounding territory has scattered shrines, hamlets, and farmsteads

65
Q

how are were fromal offices and priesthoods filled and how long were their terms

A

they were filled by a process of election and held terms for one year

66
Q

Roman writing was influenced by what language and script

A

Greek

67
Q

appearance of an elite

A

 Rich deposits of grave goods
 Horse tack, chariots, rich armor, weapons
 Extravagance was a prominent feature of elite burials
 Wanted to separate themselves from the poor

68
Q

who dominated social and economic life

A

the elites

69
Q

Patron

A

granted protection to his clients

70
Q

Client

A

Follows the patron in war and in politics and other ways

71
Q

Gens

A

o First consisted of an aristocratic lineage or group of lineages and some
of their lesser followers and dependents
o Eventually every member of a community belonged to a gens

72
Q

place for large public assemblies and ceremonie sin the city

A

Forum

73
Q

Sacred space where officials would summon citizens to vote, to hear legal case, and to make important public decisions

A

The Comitium

74
Q

One of the meeting places for the council of elders known as the senate

A

The curia hostilia

75
Q

Rome was one of the largest cities where

A

in Italy

Classics 1000 midterm 3 (6 decks)

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