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T1 lecture anatomy and physiology > chapter 1 > Flashcards

chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

describes the structures of the body

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2
Q

physiology

A

functions of anatomical structures

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3
Q

What are the six major organizations in organisms

A

Chemical (or molecular), cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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4
Q

relationship between anatomy and physiology

A

a part’s anatomy determines its physiology

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5
Q

Chemical level

A

smallest chemical units are atoms. group of atoms are molecules. 1st level

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6
Q

cellular level

A

group of cells (atoms, molecules, organelles) working together. 2nd level

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7
Q

tissue level

A

small group of similar cells working together. 3rd level

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8
Q

organ level

A

2 or more different tissues working together. 4th level

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9
Q

organ system level

A

group of organs working together. there are 11 organ systems. 5th level

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10
Q

organism level

A

human is an organism (comprised of 11 organ systems). 6th level

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11
Q

what’s in the 1st level

A

atoms, molecules, filaments

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12
Q

what’s in the 2nd level

A

group of 1st levels forming a cell

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13
Q

what’s in the 3rd level

A

cells forming tissue

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14
Q

4th level

A

tissues forming an organ

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15
Q

5th level

A

organs forming organ system

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16
Q

6th level

A

organ system forming organism. 11 organ systems in the human body

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17
Q

homeostasis

A

stable internal environment

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18
Q

how homeostasis occurs

A

internal and/or external change responses

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19
Q

homeostasis examples

A

body temp, fluid balance, solute concentration

20
Q

Autoregulation (intrinsic regulation)

A

Automatic response in certain area

21
Q

Extrinsic regulation

A

change response by external source

22
Q

sources for extrinsic regulation

A

nervous (brain) and endocrine system

23
Q

3 parts of homeostatic regulation

A

receptor, control center, effecter

24
Q

receptor

A

notices stimulus and sends info to control center

25
Q

control center

A

processes info then sends instructions

26
Q

effector

A

carries out instructions

27
Q

2 feedback mechanisms affect homeostasis

A

negative feedback and positive feedback

28
Q

negative feedback

A

effector responds to negate stimulus. most common, returns to homeostasis

29
Q

positive feedback

A

effector responds to increase stimulus. body moves away from homeostasis

30
Q

standard position for describing the body

A

anatomical position

31
Q

supine position

A

anatomical position facing up

32
Q

prone position

A

anatomical position facing down

33
Q

anatomical regions consist of

A

body regions/parts, abdominopelvic quadrants/regions

34
Q

universal terms used to describe the body

A

anatomical terminology

35
Q

anatomical directions

A

directional terms to describe and locate

36
Q

right and left always refer to

A

the patient’s right and left

37
Q

plane (sectional anatomy)

A

a three-dimensional axis

38
Q

section

A

a slice parallel to plane

39
Q

what are MRI and CT scans used for

A

visualize internal organization and structure

40
Q

frontal plane

A

separates front and back

41
Q

sagittal plane

A

separates right and left

42
Q

transverse plane

A

separates top and bottom

43
Q

function of body cavities

A

protect organs and allows change (size/shape)

44
Q

two major branches of body cavities

A

dorsal body cavity and ventral body cavity

45
Q

ventral body cavity subdivides into

A

thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

46
Q

thoracic cavity holds

A

right and left pleural cavities, mediastinum, and pericardial cavity

47
Q

abdominopelvic cavity holds

A

peritoneal cavity, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

T1 lecture anatomy and physiology (7 decks)

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