chapter 2 part 1

Question 1

define matter

Answer 1

anything with mass, takes up space

Question 2

smallest unit of matter

Answer 2

atoms

Question 3

atoms joining together form

Answer 3

chemicals with different characteristics

Question 4

atoms are made up of

Answer 4

subatomic particles

Question 5

3 subatomic particles

Answer 5

proton, neutron, electron

Question 6

proton’s charge

Answer 6

positive

Question 7

neutron’s charge

Answer 7

neutral

Question 8

electron’s charge

Answer 8

negative

Question 9

unlike electrons, whose mass is negligible, protons and neutrons each “weigh”

Answer 9

1 mass unit

Question 10

mass number of an atom is determined by

Answer 10

protons and neutrons

Question 11

charge of an atom is determined by

Answer 11

protons and electrons

Question 12

pure substance containing one type of atom

Answer 12

element

Question 13

number of protons certain element can hold

Answer 13

atomic number

Question 14

an element is considered neutral when they contain

Answer 14

same number of protons and electrons

Question 15

elements with different mass numbers

Answer 15

isotope

Question 16

what is mass number

Answer 16

number of protons plus neutrons

Question 17

four most common elements in the body

Answer 17

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

Question 18

elements can’t change their number of

Answer 18

protons

Question 19

electrons determine reactivity of an

Answer 19

element

Question 20

electrons are located in the ____________ floating around an atom

Answer 20

electron cloud

Question 21

electrons are organized

Answer 21

using electrons shells

Question 22

each electron shell can hold a max number of

Answer 22

electrons

Question 23

outermost electron shell

Answer 23

valence shell

Question 24

atoms are most happy when

Answer 24

valence shells are full

Question 25

gaining, sharing, and losing electrons only happen in

Answer 25

the valence shell

Question 26

3 major chemical bonds

Answer 26

ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bond

Question 27

ionic bonds are made up of

Answer 27

cations (+) and anions (-)

Question 28

two or more atoms joined together

Answer 28

molecule

Question 29

two or more atoms joined together (different element)

Answer 29

compounds

Question 30

all compounds are molecules, but

Answer 30

not all molecules are compounds

Question 31

the electron donor loses electron(s) becomes a

Answer 31

cation

Question 32

the electron acceptor gains the electron(s) becomes a

Answer 32

anion

Question 33

covalent bonds

Answer 33

share electrons between atoms

Question 34

two types of covalent bonds

Answer 34

nonpolar and polar

Question 35

bond which is equal and balanced in electrons shared

Answer 35

nonpolar covalent bond

Question 36

bond which is unequal in electrons shared

Answer 36

polar covalent bond

Question 37

attraction between + and - portions of polar molecules

Answer 37

hydrogen bonds

Question 38

Catabolism

Answer 38

decomposition reaction (chemicals break down)

Question 39

Anabolism

Answer 39

synthesis reaction (forms chemical bonds)

Question 40

example of decomposition reaction

Answer 40

hydrolysis

Question 41

example of synthesis reaction

Answer 41

dehydration synthesis

Question 42

a reaction with decomposition followed with synthesis

Answer 42

exchange reaction

Question 43

metabolism

Answer 43

any reaction in the body (catabolism and anabolism)