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Radiologic Physics > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who discovered x-rays?

A

Wilhelm Roentgen

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2
Q

What date were x-rays discovered?

A

Nov 8, 1895

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3
Q

Who brought to light the dangers of x-rays?

A

Thomas Edison - his assistant Clarence Dally was the first fatality of x-ray dosage

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4
Q

What are the fundamental quantities?

A

Mass, Length, Time

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5
Q

What are the radiographic quantity meausres?

A

Dose, dose equivalent, exposure and radioactivity

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6
Q

What is mass?

A

The amount of space you take up. It stays the same regardless of shape, size, and form.

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7
Q

How is mass measured?

A

Kg

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8
Q

Define Potential Energy

A

Energy in a store state. Ability to do work by its position

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9
Q

Define Kinetic Energy

A

The energy of motion

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10
Q

Define Chemical Energy

A

Energy released by a chemical reaction

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11
Q

Define Electrical Energy

A

Work that can be done when an electron moves through an electic potential difference (voltage)

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12
Q

Define Thermal Energy

A

Energy of motion at the molecular level

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13
Q

Define Nuclear Energy

A

Energy contained within the nucleus of an atom

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14
Q

Types of Electromagnetic Energy

A

AKA radiation. Includes x-rays, gamma rays, radio waves, microwaves, UV, infared and visable light

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15
Q

Define Radiation

A

Energy emitted and transferred through space

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16
Q

Define Ionizing Radiation

A

Radiation that is capable of removing orbital electron from one of the subjects atoms

17
Q

What 3 types of electromagnetic radiation are capable of ionizing an atom?

A

X-rays, gamma rays, and UV light

18
Q

What are the 4 kinds of natural occuring radiation?

A
  1. Cosmic Rays
  2. Terrestrial Radiation
  3. Internally Deposited Radionuclides
  4. Radon
19
Q

What is the annual dose of natual occuring radiation?

A

3 mSv/yearly

20
Q

Define Cosmic Rays

A

Particulate and electromagnetic radiation emitted by sun and stars

21
Q

Define Terrestrial Radiation

A

Already on Earth, deposits of uranium, thorium, and other radionuclides on the planet

22
Q

Example of Internally Deposited Radionuclides

A

Potassium - 40 are natually within us as metabolites

23
Q

Define Radon

A

Largest natual source of radiation. A radioactive gas produced by the decay of uranium. All Earth based materials have this within it.

24
Q

What is Einstein’s equation and what does it represent?

A

E=mc^2
The relationship between energy and matter

25
Q

What are the 4 units of measurement used in Radiology

A

Gray - unit of absorbed dose; all over dose

Seivert - used to measure occupational dose (dose equivalent); also measures effective does

Coulomb/kilogram - output of the radiographic unit’s radiation measurement in air

Becqueral - measures radioactive material

26
Q

What is the negative side of the tube head assembly?

A

Cathode

27
Q

What is the postive side of the tube head assembly?

A

Anode

28
Q

What is energy converted into in the tube head assembly?

A

1% xrays and 99% heat

29
Q

What is inside the tube housing and what is it typically made of?

A

Contains the vacuum tube with the anode and cathode inside. Typically made of metal

30
Q

What does ALARA stand for?

A

As Low As Reasonbly Achievable

31
Q

What are the ways to minimize radiation?

A

Shielding, Time, Distance and Beam Restriciton

32
Q

What type of tube was used to produce the first xrays?

A

Crookes tube

33
Q

What compound was used with the Crookes tube to create fluorescent light?

A

Barium Platinocyanide

34
Q

What did Roentgen win for physics and what year did he win it?

A

1901 - nobel prize

35
Q

Matter that gets hit by radiation is considered:

A

Irradiated

36
Q

What is beam restriction?

A

Limiting the field of raditation

The greater volume of tissue exposed, the greater the radiation dose

37
Q

What quantities are derived from mass, length and time?

A

Velocity
Accerleration
Force
Momentum
Work
Power

Radiologic Physics (9 decks)

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