Chapter 1 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Explain what happens in each stage of oogenesis
Multiplication phase:
The female undifferentiated germ cells or oogonia divide by mitosis.
Growth phase:
During this phase, the oogonia synthesize reserve materials and give rise to the diploid primary oocytes or oocyte 1.
Each oocyte is surrounded by a few flattened follicular cells to form the primordial follicle.
Maturation phase: meiosis I and II occur
Name and briefly explain what happens in the stage that follows maturation in oogenesis
The stage that follows maturation is differentiation. During differentiation, the ootid will become an ovum in the case that fertilization takes place. If fertilization does not take place the secondary oocyte will disintegrate 24 hours after ovulation.
How many chromosomes and chromatids are in an oogonia?
46 chromosomes
46 chromatids
How many chromosomes and chromatids are in a primary oocyte?
46 chromosomes
92 chromatids
How many chromosomes and chromatids are in a secondary oocyte
23 chromosomes
46 chromatids
How many chromosomes and chromatids are in the first polar body?
23 chromosomes
46 chromatids
How many chromosomes and chromatids are in an ootid?
23 chromosomes
23 chromatids
How many chromosomes and chromatids are in the second polar body?
23 chromosomes
23 chromatids
How many chromosomes and spermatids are in a spermatogonium?
46 chromosomes 46 chromatids
How many chromosomes and chromatids are in a primary spermatocyte?
46 chromosomes 92 chromatids
How many chromosomes and chromatids are in a secondary spermatocyte?
23 chromosomes 46 chromatids
How many chromosomes and chromatids are in a spermatid?
23 chromosomes 23 chromatids
How many chromosomes and chromatids are in a sperm cell?
23 chromosomes 23 chromatids
Describe the different stages of spermiogenesis
During spermiogenesis, the Golgi apparatus gives rise to the acrosome which covers the nucleus. then, the centriole forms the flagellum. Then, the mitochondria gather around the flagellum forming the midpiece. Lastly, most of the cytoplast is eliminated in a residual body.
Where does folliculogenesis take place?
Ovaries
Name the follicles in folliculogenesis in order
Primordial primary secondary tertiary and Graafian follicles
Explain folliculogenesis
Folliculogenesis starts with a primordial follicle made of epithelial cells which forms the primary follicle made of cuboidal epithelial cells.
Then, the primary follicle gives rise to the secondary follicle which is formed of granulosa.
Then, the tertiary follicle is formed of several layers of granulosa which form the theca.
The Graafian follicle represents the last stage in which the secondary oocyte resumes meiosis II a few hours before ovulation and stops at metaphase II.
When ovulation occurs, oocyte II exits the cell, ovulation starts at fetal development and continues at puberty. The Graafian follicle disintegrates into a yellow body which further disintegrates into a white body.
Indicate the spermatozoa pathway through the male reproductive tract, from their production side to their ejaculation
The spermatozoa is produced and matures in the testes and moves through the vas deferens to reach the urethra and then leave the body through the urogenital opening.
Why do spermatozoa need seminal fluid?
The seminal fluid contains fructose that ensures the survival and mobility of the sperm cells
Determine the mode of action of both male and female reproductive systems
The male reproductive system starts its activity at puberty and continues till death. this activity is continuous but is progressively decreasing starting in old age. the female reproductive system starts activity at puberty and continues till menopause. Its activity is cyclic and interrupted by pregnancy.
Function of Leydig cells
Secrete testosterone
Function of Sertoli cells
Provide nourishment for the testes
