Chapter 4 Flashcards
(14 cards)
Compare mutations in somatic and germline cells.
mutations in Germline cells can be transmitted to the offspring while in somatic cells they cannot
Are all mutations transmitted?
no, if it is a germline then it will be transmitted and if it is somatic then it will not
Can the genome be affected by the environment?
Yes, the genome can change due to changes in the environment these factors enter one or more nucleotides causing a change in the Genome.
what are the two different types of chromosomal mutation?
Structural and number mutation
What are the 4 different types of structural chromosomal mutation?
Deletion inversion duplication and translocation
What are the two types of number chromosomal mutation?
Autosomal and gonosomal
What are the two different types of gene point mutations?
Substitution and frame shift mutation
What are the two different types of frameshift mutations?
Deletion and insertion
What are the three different types of substitution mutation?
Silent nonsense and miss sense mutations
What are the steps of gel electrophoresis?
-Extract DNA from white blood cells
-Apply one restriction enzyme for 30 minutes
-DNA fragments are obtained and placed in the gel electrophoresis apparatus
-Electric current will flow through the Apparatus.
-DNA migrates toward the positive pole
-Smaller DNA fragments are found near the positive pole
-Staining with Ethereum bromide and putting it under UV light
-The result is a restriction map
What is a DNA probe?
The DNA probe is a known sequence of single-stranded DNA which is capable of binding to a specific DNA sequence the probe could be fluorescent or radioactive
What is polymorphism?
A gene is said to be polymorphic if more than one allele occupies that gene’s locus within a population
What is a wild-type allele?
The wild-typeE allele is the allele that is present most commonly in wild and natural populations.
Explain FISH
This technique is also known as fluorescence in situ hybridization and uses fluorescent DNA probes which are known sequences of single stranded DNA. A probe is capable of binding to a specific DNA sequence. In this method, chromosomes adhered to a microscope slide are denatured and then put in the presence of a probe. The probe fixes to the chromosome. As a result the chromosome shows a fluorescent dot and hence the gene or the DNA sequence is located.
