Chapter 1 Flashcards
(47 cards)
Information Systems Analysis and Design
Defined as the complex, challenging, and simulating organizational process that a team of business and systems professionals uses to develop and maintain information systems
Application Software
Software designed to support organizational function or process
Systems Analyst
Organizational role most responsible for analysis and design of information systems
What was the goal in the 1950s in Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design?
The goal was the efficiency of processing, emphasis was on automating existing processes, all applications developed in machine or assembly language
What was the goal in the 1960s in Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design?
enabled development of smaller, faster, less expensive computers
What was the goal in the 1970s in Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design?
became disciplined, became more like engineering as focus shifted process first to data first
What was the goal in the 1980s in Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design?
marked in major breakthroughs in organizations as microcomputers became key organizational tools, expanded the writing of off-the-shelf software, and led the 4GL development to instruct computers what to do instead of how to do it
What was the goal in the 1990s in Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design?
used visual programming environments, focused on system integration, web/interest applications begun and expanded
What was the goal in the present day in Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design?
continued focus on developing systems for the Interent and for the firm’s intranets and extranets
continue with assembling systems from programs and components purchased off the shelf
move wireless system
What are the three-tier design in implementation?
Database on one server, Application on second server, Client logic located on user machines
Systems development methodology
a standard process followed in an organization to conduct all the steps necessary to analyze, design, implement, and maintain information systems
The traditional methodology used to ___
develop, maintain, and replace information systems
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
a circular process with the end of the useful life leading to the start of another and at a given phase the project can return to the previous phase
Can be an interactive process
What is Evolutionary Model?
A spiral process in which one is constantly cycling through phases at different levels
What are the Phases of the SDLC?
Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation, Maintenance
Planning is what?
a need for a new or enhanced identified
determine the scope of the proposed system
the baseline project plan is developed
Analysis is when
a system requirements are studied from user input
requires careful study of current systems, manual
Output is description of alternative solution is recommendation
Design is what?
Analyst converts alternate solution to logical and physical specifications
Logical Design
The design process part that is independent of any specific hardware or software platform
Physical Design
The logical specifications of the system from logical design are transformed into technology-specific details from which all programming/system construction can be accomplished
Implementation
occurs when the information system is coded, tested, installed and supported in the organization
Maintenance
The phase in which an information system is systematically repaired and improved
Organizational needs may change over time requiring changes to the system based on user’s needs
A example of traditional practice is
Analysis-Design-Code-Test Loop
What are SDLC Traditional Waterfall Problems?
Once one phase ends another begins, going downhill until complete
Makes it difficult to go back
Results in great expense to make changes
The role of systems users or customers is narrowly defined
Focused on deadlines
