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DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

fusion of a sperm and an egg

A

fertilization

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2
Q

assisted reproduction technology performed using a test tube or culture dish

A

in vitro fertilization

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3
Q

produce sperm

A

testes

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4
Q

immature egg

A

oocyte

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5
Q

male gametes

A

sperm

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6
Q

sex change where the individual is female first

A

protogyny

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7
Q

this is the development of embryos

A

ontogeny

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8
Q

self-fertilization is more common in animals that
a. are motile
b. limited motile or non-motile

A

b

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9
Q

period where human reproductive organs mature and begin to function

A

puberty

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10
Q

match:
a. lizards, snakes, vipers, sharks
b. most mammals, some cartilaginous fish
c. bony fish, all birds
1. viviparity
2. ovoviparity
3. oviparity

A

a - 2
b - 1
c - 3

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11
Q

states that basic features appear earlier in development than special features

A

von baer’s law

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12
Q

true or false: inbreeding produces more fit offsprings

A

false; inbreeding produces less fit offspring

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13
Q

who demonstrated the existence of germ layers in the embryo

A

karl ernst von baer

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14
Q

egg develops into an individual without fertilization

A

parthenogenesis

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15
Q

fertilized eggs laid outside the female’s body and develop there

A

oviparity

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16
Q

state the biogenetic law of muller and haeckel

A

“ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny”

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17
Q

earthworms, slugs, tapeworms, and snails possess this type of condition

A

hermaphrodism

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18
Q

chromosome for homozygous female and heterozygous male

A

XX, XY

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19
Q

prepares the uterus for pregnancy

A

progesterone

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20
Q

these are hollow ball of cells

A

blastulas

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21
Q

concerned with the development of physical abnormalities during fetal or early embryonic stage

A

teratology

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22
Q

this is the evolutionary relationships among organisms

A

phylogeny

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23
Q

combination of reproductive cells from two individuals

A

sexual reproduction

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24
Q

carries sperm to the ejaculatory duct

A

vas deferens

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25
Q

first to describe sperm

A

hamm and leeuwenhoek (1677)

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26
Q

introduced concept of ‘epigenesis’

A

kaspar freidrich wolff

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27
Q

this is where an oocyte is released

A

fallopian tube

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28
Q

male organ of intercourse and functions in urination

A

penis

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29
Q

odd one out:
sponges, annelids, corals, cnidarians

A

corals (undergo budding; while the rest undergo fragmentation)

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30
Q

a thick fluid rich in proteins and lipids deposited in the egg

A

yolk

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31
Q

fallopian tube is also called

A

oviduct

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32
Q

provide the main sex hormones of female

A

estrogens and progesterone

33
Q

allows diffusion of substances between maternal and embryonic bloodstreams

A

placenta

34
Q

lowest portion of the uterus and what connects the uterus to the vagina

A

cervix

35
Q

construction of 3d images of embryos

A

descriptive embryology

36
Q

causes development of female sexual traits

A

estrogen

37
Q

this is where offspring develop

A

uterus

38
Q

breaking of an individual into parts followed by regeneration

A

fragmentation

39
Q

it is the embryonic development that occurs through progressive re-modelling and growth

A

epigenesis

40
Q

eggs are retained in the female until they hatch or laid before they hatch

A

ovoviparity

41
Q

structure that helps sperm mature and where mature sperm stays

A

epididymis

42
Q

give two means of reproduction

A

asexual and sexual reproduction

43
Q

estrogen is secreted by

A

ovaries

44
Q

female gametes

A

egg

45
Q

makes up most of the uterine wall

A

myometrium

46
Q

internal fertilization occurs most often in ___ animals

A

terrestrial animals

47
Q

occurs in prokaryotic microoganisms

A

asexual reproduction

48
Q

male sex hormone that induces development of male secondary sexual traits

A

testosterone

49
Q

fertilization takes place in the

A

fallopian tube

50
Q

female organ of intercourse

A

vagina

51
Q

perm mixed w/ secretions from seminal vesicles and prostate gland

A

semen

52
Q

introduced the von baer’s law

A

karl ernst von baer (1828)

53
Q

these produce gametes

A

gonads

54
Q

the organisms split itself in two part

A

(binary) fission

55
Q

an individual has both male and female reproductive system

A

hermaphrodism

56
Q

give the six characteristics of life

A

organization, metabolism, responsiveness, growth, development, reproduction

57
Q

comparison of embryo development across species

A

comparative embryology

58
Q

true or false: offspring through asexual reproduction arise from two parents

A

false; one parent only

59
Q

parthenogenesis occurs in

A

water fleas, rotifers, ants, wasps, and bees

60
Q

true or false: in budding, two individuals are of the same size

A

false; one individual is smaller than the other

61
Q

organ in which eggs form

A

ovary

62
Q

lining of uterus

A

endometrium

63
Q

true or false: internal fertilization occurs by male depositing sperm in the environment and the female picks up to deposit the sperm in her reproductive tract

A

true

64
Q

described the distinction between the soma and the germ cell line

A

august weismann

65
Q

result from outgrowth of a part of the body

A

budding

66
Q

cell theory states that

A

1) all living organisms are composed of cells
2) the cell is the basic unit of life
3) cells arise from pre-existing cells

67
Q

studies the processes by which multicellular organisms grow and develop, controlled by their genes

A

developmental biology

68
Q

who introduced the cell theory

A

matthias schleiden, theodore schwann, & rudolph virchow

69
Q

true or false: reproductive system is necessary for an individual’s survival

A

true

70
Q

explained that gonads are necessary for initiation of development

A

l. spallanzanni

71
Q

fragmentation is observed in

A

sponges, cnidarians, echinoderms, and annelids

72
Q

first described ovarian follicles

A

de draaf (1672)

73
Q

studies mechanisms controlling the individual development of animals and plants by means of experimentation

A

experimental embryology

74
Q

study of development of an embryo

A

embryology

75
Q

budding occurs commonly in

A

invertebrates such as hydras and corals

76
Q

occurs when male directly deposit sperm in the female

A

internal fertilization

77
Q

sex change where the individual is male first

A

protandry

78
Q

young are born alive

A

viviparity

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (10 decks)

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