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DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

fusion of a sperm and an egg

A

fertilization

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2
Q

assisted reproduction technology performed using a test tube or culture dish

A

in vitro fertilization

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3
Q

produce sperm

A

testes

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4
Q

immature egg

A

oocyte

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5
Q

male gametes

A

sperm

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6
Q

sex change where the individual is female first

A

protogyny

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7
Q

this is the development of embryos

A

ontogeny

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8
Q

self-fertilization is more common in animals that
a. are motile
b. limited motile or non-motile

A

b

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9
Q

period where human reproductive organs mature and begin to function

A

puberty

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10
Q

match:
a. lizards, snakes, vipers, sharks
b. most mammals, some cartilaginous fish
c. bony fish, all birds
1. viviparity
2. ovoviparity
3. oviparity

A

a - 2
b - 1
c - 3

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11
Q

states that basic features appear earlier in development than special features

A

von baer’s law

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12
Q

true or false: inbreeding produces more fit offsprings

A

false; inbreeding produces less fit offspring

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13
Q

who demonstrated the existence of germ layers in the embryo

A

karl ernst von baer

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14
Q

egg develops into an individual without fertilization

A

parthenogenesis

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15
Q

fertilized eggs laid outside the female’s body and develop there

A

oviparity

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16
Q

state the biogenetic law of muller and haeckel

A

“ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny”

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17
Q

earthworms, slugs, tapeworms, and snails possess this type of condition

A

hermaphrodism

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18
Q

chromosome for homozygous female and heterozygous male

A

XX, XY

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19
Q

prepares the uterus for pregnancy

A

progesterone

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20
Q

these are hollow ball of cells

A

blastulas

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21
Q

concerned with the development of physical abnormalities during fetal or early embryonic stage

A

teratology

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22
Q

this is the evolutionary relationships among organisms

A

phylogeny

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23
Q

combination of reproductive cells from two individuals

A

sexual reproduction

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24
Q

carries sperm to the ejaculatory duct

A

vas deferens

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25
first to describe sperm
hamm and leeuwenhoek (1677)
26
introduced concept of 'epigenesis'
kaspar freidrich wolff
27
this is where an oocyte is released
fallopian tube
28
male organ of intercourse and functions in urination
penis
29
odd one out: sponges, annelids, corals, cnidarians
corals (undergo budding; while the rest undergo fragmentation)
30
a thick fluid rich in proteins and lipids deposited in the egg
yolk
31
fallopian tube is also called
oviduct
32
provide the main sex hormones of female
estrogens and progesterone
33
allows diffusion of substances between maternal and embryonic bloodstreams
placenta
34
lowest portion of the uterus and what connects the uterus to the vagina
cervix
35
construction of 3d images of embryos
descriptive embryology
36
causes development of female sexual traits
estrogen
37
this is where offspring develop
uterus
38
breaking of an individual into parts followed by regeneration
fragmentation
39
it is the embryonic development that occurs through progressive re-modelling and growth
epigenesis
40
eggs are retained in the female until they hatch or laid before they hatch
ovoviparity
41
structure that helps sperm mature and where mature sperm stays
epididymis
42
give two means of reproduction
asexual and sexual reproduction
43
estrogen is secreted by
ovaries
44
female gametes
egg
45
makes up most of the uterine wall
myometrium
46
internal fertilization occurs most often in ___ animals
terrestrial animals
47
occurs in prokaryotic microoganisms
asexual reproduction
48
male sex hormone that induces development of male secondary sexual traits
testosterone
49
fertilization takes place in the
fallopian tube
50
female organ of intercourse
vagina
51
perm mixed w/ secretions from seminal vesicles and prostate gland
semen
52
introduced the von baer's law
karl ernst von baer (1828)
53
these produce gametes
gonads
54
the organisms split itself in two part
(binary) fission
55
an individual has both male and female reproductive system
hermaphrodism
56
give the six characteristics of life
organization, metabolism, responsiveness, growth, development, reproduction
57
comparison of embryo development across species
comparative embryology
58
true or false: offspring through asexual reproduction arise from two parents
false; one parent only
59
parthenogenesis occurs in
water fleas, rotifers, ants, wasps, and bees
60
true or false: in budding, two individuals are of the same size
false; one individual is smaller than the other
61
organ in which eggs form
ovary
62
lining of uterus
endometrium
63
true or false: internal fertilization occurs by male depositing sperm in the environment and the female picks up to deposit the sperm in her reproductive tract
true
64
described the distinction between the soma and the germ cell line
august weismann
65
result from outgrowth of a part of the body
budding
66
cell theory states that
1) all living organisms are composed of cells 2) the cell is the basic unit of life 3) cells arise from pre-existing cells
67
studies the processes by which multicellular organisms grow and develop, controlled by their genes
developmental biology
68
who introduced the cell theory
matthias schleiden, theodore schwann, & rudolph virchow
69
true or false: reproductive system is necessary for an individual's survival
true
70
explained that gonads are necessary for initiation of development
l. spallanzanni
71
fragmentation is observed in
sponges, cnidarians, echinoderms, and annelids
72
first described ovarian follicles
de draaf (1672)
73
studies mechanisms controlling the individual development of animals and plants by means of experimentation
experimental embryology
74
study of development of an embryo
embryology
75
budding occurs commonly in
invertebrates such as hydras and corals
76
occurs when male directly deposit sperm in the female
internal fertilization
77
sex change where the individual is male first
protandry
78
young are born alive
viviparity

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (10 decks)

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