Chapter 1

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

has mass and occupies space

Question 2

Properties of matter are determined by…

Answer 2

the properties of atoms and molecules

Question 3

Fields of Chemistry

Answer 3

biochem, organic, inorganic, analytical, physical

Question 4

Qualitative Data

Answer 4

description of characteristics or behavior of nature

Question 5

Quantitative Data

Answer 5

compared to a numerical scale

Question 6

Hypothesis

Answer 6

a potential explanation for observations that is proposed without actual proof to explain observations, has to be falsifiable

Question 7

A series of similar observations may lead to the development of a…

Answer 7

scientific law

Question 8

Scientific Law

Answer 8

a statement that summarizes all past observations and predicts future observations, describes how nature behaves

Question 9

What can scientific laws become?

Answer 9

a principle

Question 10

Scientific Theory

Answer 10

a general explanation for why things in nature are the way that they are and behave the way they do

Question 11

Solid

Answer 11

particles packed tightly in a fixed location, incompressible, fixed shape and volume, doesn’t flow

Question 12

Crystalline Solids

Answer 12

particles are arranged in patterns with long-range repeating order

Question 13

Ex) salt, diamond, sugar

Answer 13

crystalline solids

Question 14

Amorphous Solids

Answer 14

particles are randomly distributed without any long-range pattern

Question 15

Ex) glass, plastic, charcoal

Answer 15

amorphous solids

Question 16

Liquid

Answer 16

particles packed closely together, limited movement, incompressible, no fixed shape, fixed volume, has a flow

Question 17

Gas

Answer 17

particles have freedom of movement and aren’t held together, compressible, has no fixed shape or volume, have flow

Question 18

Composition of a substance…

Answer 18

doesn’t vary

Question 19

Composition of a mixture…

Answer 19

can vary from sample to sample

Question 20

Element

Answer 20

pure substances that cannot be broken down

Question 21

Compound

Answer 21

pure substances that can be broken down

Question 22

In a compound sample…

Answer 22

are identical and behave the same way

Question 23

Most natural pure substances are…

Answer 23

compounds

Question 24

How can mixtures be separated?

Answer 24

decanting (pouring), filtration, distillation (boiling)

Question 25

Homogeneous Mixture (solutions)

Answer 25

have a uniform composition throughout

Question 26

Heterogeneous Mixture

Answer 26

doesn't have a uniform composition throughout

Question 27

Physical Properties of Matter

Answer 27

observed or measured without affecting the identity of a substance - using the 5 senses

Question 28

Chemical Properties of Matter

Answer 28

ability of a substance to change to a new substance

Question 29

Physical Changes

Answer 29

alter the state or appearance of matter

Question 30

Chemical Changes

Answer 30

alter the composition of the matter

Question 31

Energy

Answer 31

the capacity to do work

Question 32

Work

Answer 32

the action of a force through a distance

Question 33

Force

Answer 33

push or pull of an object

Question 34

Electrostatic Force

Answer 34

push or pull on an object that has an electrical charge

Question 35

Energy

Answer 35

kinetic and potential, changes when matter goes through physical or chemical changes

Question 36

Chemical Potential Energy

Answer 36

electrostatic attractive forces between atoms, molecules, and subatomic molecules

Question 37

Materials that have high potential energy...

Answer 37

are less stable

Question 38

kilo

Answer 38

10^3 or 1000 times larger

Question 39

centi

Answer 39

10^-2 or 100 times smaller

Question 40

milli

Answer 40

10^-3 1000 times smaller

Question 41

temp (kelvin)=

Answer 41

temp (Celsius) + 237k

Question 42

temp (celsius)=

Answer 42

(temp (Fahrenheit) - 32)/ 1.8

Question 43

temp (Fahrenheit)

Answer 43

1.8(Tc) +32

Question 44

d=

Answer 44

m/v

Question 45

v=

Answer 45

m/d

Question 46

Accuracy

Answer 46

how close we are to the true value

Question 47

Precision

Answer 47

how close repeated measurements are to each other

Question 48

most conversion factors are...

Answer 48

exact numbers

Question 49

Moving a decimal left for scientific notation means the exponent is...

Answer 49

positive

Question 50

Moving a decimal right for scientific notation means the exponent is...

Answer 50

negative

Question 51

In multiplication and division, the answer has...

Answer 51

the sig figs of the fewest sig figs

Question 52

In addition and subtraction, the answer has...

Answer 52

the decimal places as the fewest decimal places

Question 53

Decanting

Answer 53

a way to separate heterogeneous mixtures by pouring off liquid from the top of a solid

Question 54

Distillation

Answer 54

a way to separate a homogeneous mixture by boiling off one of the mixtures

Question 55

Derived unit

Answer 55

combination of other units (g/mol)

Question 56

Intensive property

Answer 56

is independent of the amount of the substance

Question 57

Extensive Property

Answer 57

depends on the amount of the substance

Question 58

Random Error

Answer 58

has an equal probability of being too high or too low

Question 59

Systematic Error

Answer 59

tends to be either too high or too low

Question 60

Law of Conservation of Energy

Answer 60

energy can be transferred from one object to another

Question 61

Why is the law of conservation of energy important?

Answer 61

because it tells us that an object needs energy from something else to change or move