Chapter 2

Question 1

Law of Conservation of Mass

Answer 1

matter cannot be created nor destroyed

Question 2

Law of Definite Proportions

Answer 2

all samples of a given compound have the same proportions of everything that makes it up

Question 3

Law of Multiple Proportions

Answer 3

when two elements make two different compounds, they have different proportions of the same elements (small numbers)

Question 4

Nuclear Theory

Answer 4

atom has a nucleus at the center that has “all” mass, surrounded by electrons

Question 5

What is the largest atomic particle?

Answer 5

neutron

Question 6

Isotope

Answer 6

the same element but with a different mass because of the number of neutrons

Question 7

Number above element name in an isotope

Answer 7

mass number

Question 8

Number below element name in an isotope

Answer 8

atomic number

Question 9

Atomic Mass

Answer 9

weighted average of all the naturally occurring isotopes for an element

Question 10

Ions

Answer 10

charged atom due to gain/loss of electron(s)

Question 11

Anion

Answer 11

negative ion when an atom gains an electron

Question 12

Cation

Answer 12

positive ion when an atom loses an electron

Question 13

Do nonmetals form anions or cations?

Answer 13

anions

Question 14

Do metals form anions or cations?

Answer 14

cations

Question 15

How to name an anion

Answer 15

change the ending to -ide, which could also be -ite, -ate, and other ones

Question 16

How to name a cation

Answer 16

the element name + “ion”

Question 17

Columns group elements by

Answer 17

similar properties

Question 18

Properties of Metals

Answer 18

most solid at room temp (except mercury and galium), reflective, shiny, ductile

Question 19

Ductile

Answer 19

can be drawn into a wire

Question 20

Alloy

Answer 20

a mixture of metals, “solid solution”

Question 21

In chemical reactions do metals form cations or anions?

Answer 21

cations

Question 22

Nonmetal Properties

Answer 22

found in all three states, poor conductors, brittle/locked in space, can have allotropes

Question 23

In chemical reactions do nonmetals form cartons of anions?

Answer 23

anions

Question 24

allotropes

Answer 24

different forms of the same element due to structure (graphite and diamond)

Question 25

Metalloid Properties

Answer 25

have properties of both metals and nonmetals, temp depends on conductivity, some are semi-malleable and some are brittle

Question 26

Hydrogen Properties

Answer 26

colorless diatomic gas that reacts with metals and nonmetals, hydrogen cations dissolve in water

Question 27

Alkali Metal Properties

Answer 27

soft, low-density metals, very reactive, cations are water soluble, alkaline solutions are basic

Question 28

Alkaline Earth Metal Properties

Answer 28

harder than group 1, reactive but less than group 1, oxides are stable and insoluble, solutions are basic

Question 29

Halogen Properties

Answer 29

nonmetals, form diatomic molecules, very reactive, react with metals to form salts, form acids when bound to hydrogen

Question 30

Why does matter seem so solid when it is mostly empty space?

Answer 30

because the constantly moving electrons create a barrier that resists penetration

Question 31

Dalton's Theory

Answer 31

all elements are made of atoms that are tiny, indivisible particles

Question 32

Rutherford's Nuclear Theory

Answer 32

an atom has a small, dense, positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons