Chapter 1

Question 1

actions that violate law, defined by society

Answer 1

crime

Question 2

trad. accepted crimes, wrong in themselves or in nature [homicide, sexual assault]

Answer 2

mala in se

Question 3

prohibited by law, some disagree in harmfulness [gambling, prostitution, drug possession]

Answer 3

mala prohibita

Question 4

upholding society’s interest in fair/just matter [punish those who violate the law]

Answer 4

doing justice

Question 5

identify, prosecute, convict, & punish offenders in fair/legal manner

Answer 5

controlling crime

Question 6

fair, equitable, & lawful prosecutions & punishments [serve as example to society]

Answer 6

preventing crime

Question 7

enacting/enforcing policies based on factual, science-driven data: leads to policy success [indiv./personal police report]

Answer 7

evidence-based practices

Question 8

power divided between national & state gov.

Answer 8

federalism

Question 9

prosecutes violations in federal law [army, coin money, treaties]

Answer 9

federal gov.

Question 10

prosecute violations of state law [all other powers, police]

Answer 10

state/local gov.

Question 11

crimes beyond state borders [crime syndicates, terrorism, drug trafficking, internet crimes against children]

Answer 11

federal involvement

Question 12

complex whole made up of interdependent agencies, each contribute to syst. function (relies on/affects others) [police, prosecutor’s office, courts, corrections]

Answer 12

system

Question 13

mutual transfer/utilization of resources; need to gain cooperation from each agency

Answer 13

exchange

Question 14

accused/defendant admits guilty to crime in exchange for a reduced sentence/reduction in charges

Answer 14

plea bargain

Question 15

official authority to make decisions using own judgment

Answer 15

discretion

Question 16

agencies depend on other agencies for funding

Answer 16

resource dependence

Question 17

decisions made in specific order

Answer 17

sequential tasks

Question 18

screening process that gradually exits people out of system

Answer 18

filtering

Question 19

keep the peace, apprehend violators, prevent crime, provide social services

Answer 19

police

Question 20

each state = own courts, federal system = own courts

Answer 20

dual-court system

Question 21

determine guilt or innocence of a defendant [fair procedure = just, reliable decisions]

Answer 21

adjudication

Question 22

state & federal prisons, jails, probation, parole

Answer 22

corrections

Question 23

13 steps decision-making process

Answer 23

investigation, arrest, booking, charging, initial appearance, prelim. hearing/grand jury, indictment/info., arraignment, trial, sentencing, appeal, corrections, release

Question 24

different treatment between groups, (age, gender, race) can result from fair or unfair practices

Answer 24

disparity

Question 25

group is treated differently because of age, gender, or race; unfair practices

Answer 25

discrimination

Question 26

police investigate allegation of a crime being committed

Answer 26

investigation [1]

Question 27

due to sufficient evidence (probable cause), offender is taken into custody

Answer 27

arrest [2]

Question 28

offender taken to a jail; photographed & fingerprinted

Answer 28

booking [3]

Question 29

prosecutor decides if case will be adjudicated

Answer 29

charging [4]

Question 30

defendant brought before judge, formally notified of charges, advised of rights, judge decides if there is enough evidence to proceed

Answer 30

initial appearance [5]

Question 31

prosecutor prepares formal charging doc. & presents it to court

Answer 31

indictment/info. [7]

Question 31

judge: oversees trial, ensures all rights are protected bench trial: judge determines guilt or innocence jury trial: jury determines guilt or innocence

Answer 31

trial [9]

Question 31

judge decides if there is probable cause, grand jury decides whether there is enough evidence to file an indictment

Answer 31

prelim. hearing/grand jury [6]

Question 32

defendant is read info./indictment, defendant pleads guilty/not guilty, plea bargain can be agreed upon

Answer 32

arraignmemt [8]

Question 33

judge imposes punishment [prison, probation, suspended sentence, fine]

Answer 33

sentencing [10]

Question 34

higher court may review case, new trial if violation found

Answer 34

appeal [11]

Question 35

carry out judge's sentence: probation, prison

Answer 35

corrections [12]

Question 36

completed imposed sentence, parole

Answer 36

release [13]

Question 37

allows convicted to serve their sentence not in custody

Answer 37

probation

Question 38

custodial separation from society

Answer 38

prison

Question 39

released early from custodial sentence & allowed to serve rest of sentence not in custody

Answer 39

parole