CHAPTER 1

Question 1

sapo concho

Answer 1

babita blanca venenosa, no es del patio, es del sur

Question 2

mosca

Answer 2

femenina son las que pican pa la sangre de sus hijitos y agua crea dengue

Question 3

virus

Answer 3

material genético, no es vida

Question 4

coral

Answer 4

dinoflagellates se van y se crea el bleaching por calentamiento global

Question 5

biology

Answer 5

study of life and fossils (goal: discovering and understanding the diversity and complex processes that make up life)

Question 6

características de la vida

Answer 6

made of cells, made of chemical compounds, use molecules to form other molecules, genetic information, evolution, homeostasis, response to stimulus, growth, energy for work, development, reproduction, adaptation, motion, feedback, metabolism

Question 7

calendar of Earth

Answer 7

FIRST life; SECOND fossils; THIRD photosynthesis; FOURTH eukaryotic cells; FIFTH multicellular organisms; SIXTH abundant fossils; SEVENTH plants and animals; EIGHTH forests, insects, mammals, and dinosaurs; NINTH birds, flowering plants, rise of mammals; LAST hominids

Question 8

nucleic acids

Answer 8

instructions for protein synthesis

Question 9

liposomes

Answer 9

membranes made of fatty acids

Question 10

prokaryotes

Answer 10

one cell, Bacteria and Archaea

Question 11

eukaryotes

Answer 11

membrane-enclosed organelles, multicellular

Question 12

nucleus

Answer 12

contains genetic information

Question 13

photosynthesis

Answer 13

sunlight to chemical energy; first made by cyanobacteria; result is oxygen and ozone

Question 14

metabolism

Answer 14

aerobic (with air); anaerobic (without air)

Question 15

cell specialization

Answer 15

larger and efficient multicellular organisms due to separation of cells by function (organelles)

Question 16

organization order

Answer 16

atoms; small molecules; large molecules; cells; tissues; organs; organ system; organism; population; community; ecosystems (biomes); biosphere

Question 17

homeostasis

Answer 17

Maintenance of conditions in internal environment

Question 18

sensory mechanisms

Answer 18

Alert body of conditions

Question 19

effector mechanisms

Answer 19

Alter the conditions

Question 20

signaling mechanisms

Answer 20

bridge of communication of other mechanisms

Question 21

genes

Answer 21

Discrete units where inherited traits are; segments of DNA that encode information to build proteins

Question 22

genome

Answer 22

Sum of all DNA in the organism

Question 23

nucleotides

Answer 23

sequences that make up DNA that determine the sequence of amino acids in proteins

Question 24

mutations

Answer 24

changes in nucleotide sequence

Question 25

evolution

Answer 25

change in genetic makeup of populations over time; major unifying principle of biology

Question 26

natural selection

Answer 26

Trait that confers increase in survival and reproduction increases in population over time

Question 27

artificial selection

Answer 27

humans breeding organisms for desired traits

Question 28

adaptations

Answer 28

Structural, physiological, or behavioral traits that enhance an organism's chances of survival and reproduction

Question 29

genomics

Answer 29

field that compares organisms' DNA

Question 30

bioinformatics

Answer 30

field that manages and analyzes sequencing data

Question 31

binomial

Answer 31

distinct scientific name of a species (genus and species)

Question 32

genus

Answer 32

group of species that share a recent common ancestor (ours is the chimpazee)

Question 33

phylogenic tree

Answer 33

illustrates the evolutionary histories of different groups; determined by fossils, physical structures, metabolic processes, behavior, and molecular analysis of genomes

Question 34

data

Answer 34

information that is quantified using mathematical and statistical methods

Question 35

scientific method

Answer 35

observe; ask; hypothesize; predict; test prediction

Question 36

inductive logic

Answer 36

observations or facts to hypothesis

Question 37

deductive logic

Answer 37

predict what facts would also have to be true to be compatible with the hypothesis

Question 38

controlled experiment

Answer 38

manipulating one factor while the others are constant

Question 39

comparative experiment

Answer 39

compare data gather from populations that differ in multiple ways

Question 40

statistical methods

Answer 40

help scientists determine if differences between groups are significant

Question 41

statistical tests

Answer 41

calculate probability that differences are because of random variation; start with null hypothesis (no differences exist)

Question 42

model systems

Answer 42

using one type of organism to understand others

Question 43

science vs nonscience

Answer 43

science - hypothesis is testable and can be rejected; evidence that is reproducible and quantifiable nonscience - religious or spiritual explanations that are not testable

Question 44

What can biology do?

Answer 44

basis of medical practice; can inform public policy; crucial for understanding ecosystems

Question 45

biodiversity

Answer 45

helps us understand, enjoy, and appreciate our world