Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are all materials made of?
Atoms
How many atoms are known?
118
How many atoms are found on Earth naturally?
98
What are chemical symbols?
1 or 2 letters given to an atom
How are substances formed?
When atoms bond
What type of substances do atoms form?
Molecules or lattices
What is the structure of molecules?
Clusters
What is the structure of lattices?
Large, grid-like structures
What is an element?
A substance made up of only one type of atom
What is a compound?
A substance made up of different types of atoms
What are atoms made of?
Protons, electrons and neutrons
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons in an atom. Determines the type of atom and what element it belongs to
What is the mass number?
The number of protons plus neutrons
T or F? The number of electrons surrounding the nucleus is equal to the number of protons.
T
What are ions?
Atoms that have lost or gained electrons
What are cations?
An atom that loses electrons
What is an anion?
When an atom gains electrons
What are the 3 groups of elements?
Metals, non-metals and metalloids
What are the properties of metal?
Mettalic luster, good conductors, malleable and ductile, melt at high temperatures and except mercury and gallium) and are solid at room temperature
What are the properties of non-metals?
Dull, are brittle, cannot be bent into shape, poor conductors and melt at low temperatures
What are metalloids?
Elements that have features of both metals and non-metals
What is an alloy?
A metal combined with small amounts of other elements as a mixture, making it better
What are examples of alloys?
Steel, bronze, brass
What is steel a mixture of?
Iron and small amounts of carbon
