CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
(63 cards)
1
Q
Types of Prefix
A
- Binary & Dinary
2
Q
What is BITS
A
- Value either 1 or 0
3
Q
What is NIBBLE
A
- 4 Bits
4
Q
What is BYTE
A
- 8 Bits
5
Q
Why use binary > Denary
A
- More Accurate
6
Q
Binary System
A
- 1 & 0 only
- Base 2 System
7
Q
What is Range
A
- The Smallest and Largest number that can be represented in a given bit size
- 0001 & 1111 = 1 to 15 is the range
8
Q
One Complement
A
- Invert all of 1 and 0 values ( Terbalikkan )
- 1010 to 0101
9
Q
How to One Compliment
A
- If the values is positive , directly changed to binary
- If the values is negative , convert to positive then do one compliment
10
Q
What is the used of Two Compliment System
A
- Represent positive or negative integer
- Carry out substraction by addition
11
Q
Most Significant Bits
A
- the value on the left ( Last )
11
Q
Less Significant Bits
A
- the value on the right ( First )
12
Q
When Overflow happened
A
- When the result of addition is larger than the given bit size
- When largest number that counter can hold is exceeded
13
Q
Can overflow be avoided ?
A
- No
14
Q
How to detect overflow occured ?
A
- When carry in and carry out on MSB is not the same
15
Q
What is word size ?
A
- Number of bit it can handle
16
Q
What is the uses of hexadecimal numbers ?
A
- To define locations in memory
- To define colour on web pages
- To represent MAC Addresses
- To display error message
17
Q
Why use hexadecimal in computers ?
A
- Easier to use
- Readable
- More compact
18
Q
What types of Binary Coded Decimal ( BCD )
A
- Packed BCD
- Unpacked BCD
19
Q
What is Packed BCD ?
A
- Each number is encoded into 4 bits
- 8 = 1000
20
Q
What is Unpacked BCD ?
A
- Each number is encoded into 1 byte
- 8 = 00001000
21
Q
Uses of BCD
A
- BIOS store date and time , easy to be converted to ASCII for display
- Early model of PS3 to store date and time
22
Q
Applications of BCD
A
- BIOS store date and time in BCD format
- Represent currency values
23
Q
Disadvantages of BCD
A
- Difficult to perform arimethic operations
- Longer than true binary
- Required more storage space
24
ASCII CODE
- Consist of 7-bits
- Each character has its own unique character code
-
25
What is Sampling ?
- The amplitude of sound wave taken at different point of time
- Taking measurment at regular interval and store it
26
What is bit depth ?
- The number of bits assigned to each sample
27
What is sampling rate ?
- The number of sample taken per unit time
28
What is analogue data ?
- Data obtained by measurement of a physical property
- Continous range of values
29
What is digital data ?
- Data that has been stored in a binary value
- Discrete range of values
30
What is sampling resolution ?
- The number of bits used to store each sample
31
What is Analogue to Digital Converter ( ADC ) ?
- Convert analogue sound to digital signal to be stored in computer
32
What is Digital to Analogue Converter ( DAC) ?
- Convert digital signal stored to analogue sound so that can be played on a device such as speaker
33
How ADC works?
- Measure Amplitude at regular time interval
- Sample are recorded as binary numbers
34
What is bandwith ?
- The ability of recorded signal to be reproduce at any degrees of resolution
- Rate of data to be transmitted over a network or connection
35
Factor Affecting digital audio
- Sampling rate/frequancy
- Sampling resolution/bit depth
- Recording Channel
36
What is compression ?
- Tool for reducing file sizes
37
What happened when compressing ?
- The data will be removed
38
Type of compression ?
- Lossy and loseless
39
Method Of lossy compressison
- JPEG
- MP3
40
Method of loseless compression
- Zip
- RLE
41
What is lossless compression ?
- When being compressed , quality remain the same
- File can be restored to its original state
- Allow data to be perfectly reconstruct
42
What is lossy compression ?
- Permanently remove data
- Reduce size and quality
- Original bit depth is reduced
43
What is RUN-LENGTH ENCODING (RLE)
- Compress a number of different file format
- Lossless
- Only affective when theres a long run of repeated
44
Presentation of RLE
- First Value : number of identical data
- Second : Code of data ( ASCII )
45
How bitmapped image encoded ?
- Made of pixels
- Each pixels has one colour
- Each colour has unique binary coded
- Code for each colour is stored in sequence
46
Type of Graphic images
- Bitmap ( Pixels )
- Vector
47
Pixels ( Picture element )
- Smallest possible address area define by a solid colour
- Represented as binary , in an images
48
Bitmap images
- Images are stored as a series of pixels
49
What does file header contain ?
- File size
- Dimension of images
- Colour depth
- Type of compression
50
Screen resolution
- How many pixels can your screen display vertically and horizontolly
51
Image resolution
- Measurement of Dot per inch ( DPI )
52
Resolution
- Number of pixels in an image
53
Colour depth
- Measured in bits
- The bits indicated how many colour available for each pixel
#in black and white pic , only 2 colour needed , so colour depth of 1 bit
54
Number of bits for
- ASCII
- Extended ASCII
- UNICODE
- 7
- 8
- 16/32
55
Impact of changing sampling resolution
- Bits used higher
- More amplitude can be presented
- The digital soundwave is closer to original analogue wave
- Reduce quantisation error
56
How sound is represented ?
- The amplitude is recorded
- The amplitude is given corresponding
binary value
- Each amplitude is stored in sequence
57
What happen when sampling rate increased ?
- Small gap
- Less Quantisation error
- Digital wave form closer to Analogue Wave form
58
What happen when Sampling resolution increased ?
- More bits per sample
- Less Quantisation error
-
59
Property
- Data about the shape
60
Example of property
- Black Line
- Black fill
- White fill
- Font of letter
61
Drawing list
- List of command to draw each object
62
