Chapter 1 Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
Hypothesis: An uncertain explanation of observations
Theory: A well- sustained, comprehensive, testable explanation of a particular aspect of nature (you know for sure and predicting something)
What are the differences between the macroscopic, microscopic, and symbolic domains?
Macroscopic: It is the realm of everyday things that are large enough to be sensed and can be seen by human sight or touch
Microscopic: Looking through things through a microscope, usually imaginary things
Symbolic: it is the specialized language used in the other domains like symbols
What is the definition of matter?
Anything that occupies space and has mass
What are the definitions of solid, liquid, plasma and gas?
Solid: It is a definite shape (has fixed shape and volume)
Liquid: Flows and takes shape of its container (takes shape of the container)
Plasma: It is a gas that contains electrically charged particles (they are found in certain high temperature environments like stars, lightning, TV screens)
Gas: Something that takes both the shape and volume of its container (expands and fills the container
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass: The measure of the amount of matter in an object
Weight: The force of gravity that is exerted on an object
What is the law of conservation of matte?
the amount of matter stays the same, even when matter changes form.
What is the definition of an element?
A pure substance that CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN by chemical change
What is the definition of a compound?
Pure substances that can be broken down into simpler substances (made up of two or more types of DIFFERENT elements like H2O)
What is the difference between a mixture and a pure substance?
Mixture: A substance that where the elements or compounds are NOT THE SAME (DIFFERENT) (like H2O AND CO2 in a substance together)
Pure Substance: A substance that is made up of the SAME ELEMENT OR COMPOUND
What is the difference between a homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture?
Homogeneous mixture: has a uniform composition throughout, meaning its components are evenly distributed and you CANNOT tell there are different substances in the mixture (SOLUTION)
Heterogeneous mixture: has a non-uniform composition, where different components are visibly separate and not evenly mixed throughout
What are the 7 diatomic atoms?
- Hydrogen
- Nitrogen
3.oxygen - Fluorine
- Chlorine
- Bromine
- Iodine
What is the difference between an atom and molecule?
Atom: The smallest particle of an element that has the properties of the element
Molecule: Made up of two or more atoms connected by strong forces (chemical bonds)
What is physical property and some examples:
Characteristics of matter that is not associated with a change in its chemical composition ATOMS AND MOLECULES STAY THE SAME
Examples: density, color, hardness, melting and boiling points, electrical conductivity
What is physical change and some examples?
a change in the form or appearance of a substance without altering its chemical composition, meaning the substance remains the same even though its shape, size, or state may change ATOMS AND MOLECULES STAY THE SAME
examples include melting ice, cutting paper, boiling water, or crushing a can.
What is chemical property and some examples?
is a characteristic of a substance that describes how it reacts or changes when involved in a chemical reaction, essentially defining its ability to form new substances through chemical changes
Examples: flammability, reactivity, toxicity, oxidation potential, and pH level
What is chemical change and some examples?
a process where one or more substances are transformed into entirely new substances with different chemical properties
Examples: burning wood, digestion of food, milk turning sour, rusting of iron, and baking a cake.
After looking at pic #1. What does each color represent for a chemical substance?
Blue: Health Hazard
Red: Fire Hazard
Yellow: Reactivity
White: Specific Hazard
What is the difference between an extensive and intensive property and some examples?
Extensive: depends on the amount of matter present, meaning it changes with the quantity of a substance (like mass, volume, heat)
Intensive: does not depend on the amount of matter and remains constant regardless of the sample size (like temperature, color, or density)
What is the difference between a number and unit during a measurement?
Number: The size or magnitude of the measurement
Unit: A standard of comparison for the measurement
What are the symbols and factor (what it means 10^16 for example) for these prefixes? NEED THIS FOR CONVERSION FACTORS AND DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
WRITE ON YOUR I PAD
FEMTO
PICO
NANO
MICRO
MILLI
CENTI
DECI
KILO
MEGA
GIGA
TERA
FEMTO: f - 10-15
PICO: p - 10-12
NANO: n - 10 -9
MICRO: µ - 10-6
MILLI: m - 10-3
CENTI: c- 10-2
DECI: d - 10-1
KILO: k - 10+3
MEGA: M - 10+6
GIGA: G- 10+9
TERA: T - 10+12
What is the equation for density?
D = Mass/Volume
What numbers will always be considered significant figures? (when counting them)
- Nonzero digits ( 9, 7, 2, 5)
- Captive zeros (zeros in between nonzero digits)
- Trailing zeros (when they are on the right of the decimal place 0.900 (3 sig figs), and when in scientific notation 1.0 X 10^-2)
What numbers will NEVER be considered significant figures? (when counting them)
- Leading zeros (0.0009) 1 sig figs
- Trailing zeros (when they are on the left of the decimal point 900 (1 sig figs)
When you are trying to get a number into scientific notation like 193.980. Which way will you move it and will the exponent be negative or positive?
to the left and it will be positive
