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Chem 1 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Look at pic #5 and write down the chemical formula that goes with each name

A

answer in notes

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2
Q

Look at pic #6 and write down the name that goes with each chemical formula

A

Answer in notes

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3
Q

What is the atomic number of an element?

A

The number of protons

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4
Q

What is the mass number of an element?

A

Protons + Neutrons

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5
Q

How would you calculate the number of neutrons in an element?

A

Mass number - Atomic number = # of neutrons

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6
Q

What does Z = equal in regards to an element and its properties?

A

Z = atomic number (bottom left)

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7
Q

What does A = equal in regards to an element and its properties?

A

A = atomic mass (protons + neutrons) (top left)

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8
Q

What does Y = equal in regards to an element and its properties?

A

Y = number of elements you have (bottom right)

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9
Q

What does C = equal in regards to an element and its properties?

A

C = charge of the element (top right)

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10
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Elements that are the same and have the same amount of protons but different number of neutrons

Example: C12 & C13

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11
Q

What is the definition of an atom?

A

The basic unit of matter (an element)

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12
Q

What is the difference between an anion and a cation?

A

Anion: a negative charged ion

Cation: a positive charged ion

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13
Q

What is a group in the periodic table and what does it tell you?

A

They are the vertical columns on the periodic table. It tells you the amount of electrons that are on the outer shell. (valence electrons)

Example: column two has two electrons on its outer shell and column 14 has 4 electrons on its outer shell

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14
Q

What type of elements are in group 1, 2, 16, 18, 3-12 and 17?

A

Group 1: Alkali metals
Group 2: Alkaline earth metals
Group 16: Chalcogens (nonmetals)
Group 17: Halogens (nonmetals)
Group 18: Noble gases
Groups 3-12: Transition metals

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15
Q

How do atoms/elements become ions?

A

By losing or gaining electrons

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16
Q

What are the properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids?

A
  • Metal: Conducts heat/electricity, malleable, ductile (e.g., Iron, Gold).
  • Nonmetal: Poor conductors, brittle (e.g., Carbon, Nitrogen).
  • Metalloid: Properties between metals and nonmetals (e.g., Silicon, Boron)
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17
Q

What is the definition of a hypothesis?

A

Hypothesis: A testable prediction based on observations

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18
Q

What is the definition of a theory?

A

Theory: Well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world.

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19
Q

What is the definition of a scientific law?

A

Law: A statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes some
aspect of the universe.

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20
Q

What are periods on the periodic table?

A

They are the horizontal rows

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21
Q

What is the law of conservation of matter?

A

Law of Conservation of Matter: Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a closed
system.

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22
Q

What is the law of definite proportions?

A

Law of Definite Proportions: a chemical compound will always have the same proportions or amount of each element by weight, no matter what the amount is, or source.

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23
Q

When does the element change into a different element?

Study These Flashcards
A

WHEN PROTONS ARE ADDED

24
Q

What does oxidative state/oxidative number mean?

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A

WHAT THEIR CHARGE WOULD BE IF THEY GAVE UP ELECTRONS OR GAINED THEM

25
What kind of element will have more volume (bigger)? And what kind of element will have less volume (smaller)?
MOST NEGATIVE ELEMENT IS THE BIGGEST (MORE VOLUME) AND MOST POSITIVE ELEMENT IS THE SMALLEST (LESS VOLUME)
26
On the periodic table what elements are usually more bigger in volume? And which ones are smaller in volume?
ELEMENTS ON THE LEFT OF THE PERIODIC TABLE HAVE MORE VOLUME (SIZE) AND ARE BIGGER THAN ELEMENTS ON THE RIGHT OF THE PERIODIC TABLE. ELEMENTS ON THE BOTTOM HAVE MORE VOLUME (SIZE) THAN ELEMENTS ON THE TOP
27
What helps stabilize the ionization energy of an element?
THE SIZE OF THE ELEMENT
28
How does ionization energy increase based on the periodic table?
It increases as you go from left to right and bottom to top (highest ionization energy is right top)
29
How does ionization energy decrease based on the periodic table?
It decreases as you go from right to left and top to bottom (lowest ionization energy is bottom left)
30
What side of the periodic table do the elements want to give up their electrons?
The left side
31
What side of the periodic table do the elements want to take or steal electrons?
The right side
32
What is the definition of ionic bonds?
IONIC BONDS = ELEMENTS ON EXTREME ENDS THAT STEAL ELECTRONS FROM ANOTHER ELEMENT AND DOES NOT FORM MOLECULES
33
How many electrons in an elements outer shell does it need to be happy and stable?
8
34
How many electrons are in the first ring of an element?
2
35
What is the definition of an ion?
IONS = SAME ELEMENT BUT DIFFERENT CHARGE (O16 & O16 2-)
36
What is the definition of ionization energy?
IONIZATION ENERGY= ENERGY IT TAKES TO REMOVE AN ELECTRON
37
How can you tell the difference if a molecule is an acid or a base?
Acid: the H is in front of the molecule (has it in the chemical formula) Base: it has an OH in the chemical formula and no H by itself int he chemical formula
38
How do you find the highest and lowest oxidative state of an element?
Highest: It is the amount of electrons it would need to gain to be stable/ happy Lowest: It is the amount of electrons it would need to lose to be stable/ happy
39
What is the law of multiple proportions?
when two elements combine to form more than one compound, the mass of one element, which combines with a fixed mass of the other element, will always be ratios of whole numbers.
40
How do you get a formula into the empirical formula of different molecules?
It is simplifying the fomula by getting the least common denominator of the bottom numbers in a formula ( No2 SO4 it would be NO SO2)
41
How do you get the empirical formula of one molecule?
Divide the subscripts (bottom number) by the least common denominator
42
What is the definition of isomers?
Compounds with the same chemical formula BUT are different shapes (structure)
43
What is the definition of an ionic compound?
It is a bond between a metal and a nonmetal (low electronegativity to high electronegativity)
44
What is the definition of a molecular compound?
It is a bond between two non metals (both close to the same electronegativity)
45
How can you easily tell if a bond is ionic or covalent based on the periodic table?
ANYTHING THAT INVOLVES GROUP 12 TO THE LEFT (BESIDES HYDROGEN) AND RIGHT SIDE OF GROUP 12 IS IONIC
46
What is the definition of the molar mass?
Molar mass is = to atomic mass (the average) or grams of element/ number of moles
47
What does 1 mole equal? (Avogadro's number)
6.022 x 10^23 OF WHAT EVER YOU ARE SOLVING FOR LIKE ATOMS OR DOUGHNUTS
48
How do you solve for a problem that asks.... There are 30g of gold. how many atoms are there?
YOU DO DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS BUT THE FIRST CONVERSION WILL BE USING THE MOLAR MASS (ATOMIC MASS = 1 MOLE) TO CANCEL OUT THE g of gold. THEN YOU USE AVOGADROS NUMBER (WHAT 1 MOLE EQUALS) WHICH IS 1 MOLE = 6.022 X 10^23. THEN SOLVE FOR IT.
49
How would you find out the molar mass of a molecule like H2O?
just add the atomic masses of hydrogen and oxygen
50
How do you calculate volume?
you times length x width x height (or depth) answer = a cubed unit
51
How do you name oxyanions?
Ate = 3 oxygen Ite = 2 oxygen Per = highest amount of oxygen of the same element Hypo = lowest amount of oxygen of the same element
52
How do you name ionic compounds?
YOU JUST NAME THE ELEMENTS AND AT THE END OF THE CHEMICAL FORMULA (2ND ELEMENT) YOU ADD IDE AT THE END
53
How do you name ionic compounds with polyatomic ions?
name the polyatomic ion as normal and if the metal element is at the end add ide
54
How do you name ionic compounds that contain a transition metal (between group 3-12 on the diagonal)?
You add a roman numeral in between the 2 elements name
55
How do you name molecular compounds?
THE FIRST ELEMENT PUT THE PREFIX IN FRONT OF IT IF IT HAS MORE THAN ONE OF IT (N2 DINITROGEN) AND FOR THE SECOND ELEMENT EVEN IF IT ONLY HAS ONE STILL PUT THE PREFIX IN FRONT OF IT AND PUT -IDE AT THE END (N2O DINITROGEN MONOXIDE)
56
How do you write a chemical formula based on its name?
TO WRITE THE CHEMICAL FORMULA GO FROM LEFT TO RIGHT USING THE PERIODIC TABLE (1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 9A) MOST LEFT AND MOST BOTTOM GOES FRIST IN THE SEQUENCE. PUT HYDROGEN AFTER EVERY ELEMENT EXCEPT ELEMENTS IN GROUP 6A AND 7A

Chem 1 (9 decks)

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