Chapter 1 Flashcards
(95 cards)
A researcher deletes a gene from an organism to determine the gene’s function. This approach is most similar to the work of which of the following scientists?
a. Paul Broca.
b. Pierre Flourens.
c. Franz Gall.
d. Sir Charles Sherrington.
Pierre Flourens.
Which component of the nervous system is not involved in a reflective response?
a. Spinal cord.
b. Cerebal cortex.
c. Interneuron.
d. Motor neuron.
Cerebal cortex
A child has experiences nervous system damage and can no longer coordinate the movements to dribble a basketball, although the child can still walk in an uncoordinated fashion. Which region of the nervous system was likely affected?
Hindbrain - Coordination.
The temporal lobe deals with all of the following except:
a. Language comprehension.
b. memory.
c. emotion.
d. motor skills.
Motor skills.
Which part of the brain deals with both homeostasis and emotions?
a. Cerebellum.
b. Pons.
c. Hypothalamus.
d. Thalamus.
Thalamus.
Which of the following activities would most likely be completed by the right hemisphere of a left-handed person?
a. Finding a car in a parking lot.
b. Learning a new language.
c. Reading a book for pleasure.
d. Jumping rope with friends.
Finding a car in a parking lot. - the right hemisphere of the brain is associated with non-verbal tasks, like visual processing and spatial awareness.
Which of the following is true with regard to neurulation?
a. The neural tube differentiates from the endoderm.
b. The neural tube becomes the peripheral nervous system.
c. Neural crest cells migrate from their original site.
Neural crest cells migrate from their original site.
Which of the following neurotransmitters are not classified as a catecholamine?
a. Epinephrine.
b. Norepinephrine.
c. Dopamine.
d. Acetylcholine.
Acetylcholine.
If the amount of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that breaks fown acetylcholine, is increases, which of the following results would be most likely?
a. Weakness of muscle movements.
b. Excessive pain or discomfort.
d. Mood swings and mood instability.
d. Auditory and visual hallucinations.
Weakness of muscle movements.
The adrenal glands do all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Promote fight or flight response via estrogen.
b. Produce stress responses via cortisol.
c. Produce both hormones and neurotransmitters.
d. Release estrogen in females and testosterone in males.
Promote fight or flight response via estrogen.
A disorder of the pineal gland would most likely result in which of the following disorders?
a. High blood pressure.
b. Diabetes.
c. Insomnia.
d. Hyperthyroidism.
Insomnia - because the pineal gland releases melatonin.
Which of the following conclusions would William James most likely support?
a. Mental processes help individuals adapt to their environments.
b. Psychological attributes could be measured by feeling the skull.
c. Specific functional impairments can be linked to specific lesion in the brain.
d. Synaptic transmission is an electrical process.
Mental processes help individuals adapt to their environments.
A scientist designs a study to determine if different regions of the brain are activated when a person speaks their native language vs. a second language. Which of the following methods would the scientist likely use?
a. MRI.
b. CT scan.
c. fMRI.
d. EEG.
fMRI - a imaging method where brain activity can be tracked by detecting changes in blood flow and oxygenation.
During a physical exam, a physician brushes the bottom of the foot of a patient who is 50 years old with multiple sclerosis. The patient’s toes curl toward the bottom of the foot, with no fanning of the toes. This response is:
a. Abnormal, and evidence that the patient is exhibiting a primitive reflex.
b. Normal, and evidence that the patient is exhibiting a primitive reflex.
c. Abnormal, and evidence that the patient is not exhibiting a primitive reflex.
d. Normal, and evidence that the patient is not exhibiting a primitive reflex.
Normal, and evidence that the patient is not exhibiting a primitive reflex.
Babinski reflex test - Babies will have extension and fanning of the toes, indicating that myelination of the corticospinal tract is not fully formed. (Positive).
Adults will not have this result, instead will have curling of the toes, indicating an intact corticospinal tract. (negative)
Which of the following fine motor tasks would one expect to see first in an infant?
a. Grasping for objects with two fingers.
b. Following objects with their eyes.
c. Scribbling with a crayon.
d. Moving a toy from one hand to the other.
Following objects with their eyes.
Frank Gall theory:
If a particular trait developed well, the associated portion of the brain would grow more, and we can measure psychological attributes by measuring the skull - proven wrong.
Pierre Flourens Theory:
removed portions of the brain and analyzed subsequent behavior changes. This process is called extirpation or ablation.
William James theory:
established functionalism - which is the study of how mental processes help adapt individuals to their environment.
John Dewey theory:
Psychology should focus on the study of a whole organism and how it functioned to adapt to its environment.
Paul Broca theory:
Examined behavioral deficits of people with brain damage - discovering a region of the brain responsible for speech on the left side of the brain, now called Broca’s area.
Hermann von Helmholtz theory:
Was the first guy to measure the speed of a nerve impulse, and linked between behavior and nervous system activity. Transitioned psychiatry from philosophy to quantifiable natural science.
Sir Charles Sherrington theory:
Discovered the synapse - originally thinking it was an electric process, however it is actually a chemical process.
Sensory/afferent neurons:
Transmit information form the peripheral receptors, to the spinal cord, and then the brain.
Motor/efferent neurons:
Transmit motor information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands.
