Chapter 1 Flashcards
What was an example of a crop in the Columbian Exchange that was transferred from the Americas to Europe?
Maize
What is an example of something transferred from Europe to the Americas during the Columbian Exchange?
Horses
What’s an example of a disease spread by the Europeans to the Natives Americans?
Smallpox
What were three examples of forced labor systems used by the Europeans on Africans and Native Americans?
- Encomienda System
- Asiento System
- Slavery
What was the Encomienda System?
A system of labor in which a Spanish leader was granted an amount of Native American laborers to support plantation-based agriculture
What was the Asiento System?
A Spanish slavery system in which African slaves were carried to the Americas and a tax was payed to the King for each slave
What was chattel-slavery
A forced system of slavery where African Americans were forced to work the fields and were treated as property.
What was the land bridge?
The Bering Land Bridge which allowed Native Americans to enter America and migrate across the continents way before Europeans arrived.
What was Adena-Hopewell?
Part of the Mound Builder culture in the Ohio River Valley area
Who were the Pueblos?
Native Americans in the Southwest region of America who relied on irrigation and maize.
Who were the Lakota Sioux?
A prominent Sioux band known for their resistance against Europeans in the Great Plains region. They relied on buffalo
Who were the Mayas?
A Mesoamerican civilization known for their sophisticated writing system and calendars in the Mexico area
Who were the conquistadores and what motivated them?
Spanish explorers and conquerors who played a key role in the conquest of the Americas driven by desire for gold, glory, and spread of Christianity.
What’s an example of a conquistador?
- Hernan Cortés who conquered the Aztec Empire
- Francisco Pizarro who conquered the Incan Empire
What was an example of maritime technology that facilitated European colonization of the Americas m?
The compass
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
An agreement between Spain and Portugal to divide the newly discovered lands giving Portugal Brazil and Spain the rest of Latin America.
What is a nation-state?
A political entity where the cultural boundaries align with the state borders
Who was Christopher Columbus?
An Italian explorer who under Spanish sponsorship discovered the Americas initiating the Columbian Exchange
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The mass exchange of goods, animals, crops, people, and diseases between the two hemispheres
What was the Valladolid Debate?
A debate in Spain about the fair treatment of Natives and their rights featuring De Las Casas and Sepúlveda
What was the Iroquois Confederation?
A sophisticated political alliance between Northeastern Natives
Who is an example of a European explorer?
John Cabot and Henry Hudson
