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Java Programming > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

A single component at the heart of a computer which does the actual computing via execution of programs

A

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

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2
Q

A list of unambiguous instructions meant to be followed mechanically by a computer

A

Program

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3
Q

A simple type of language interpreted by computers, each having its own type

A

Machine Language

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4
Q

The place where a program is stored when the CPU executes a program, consisting of a sequence of locations numbered via addresses

A

Main Memory

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5
Q

The process of a CPU running a program by repeatedly reading an instruction from memory and then carrying out that instruction

A

Fetch-and-Execute Cycle

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6
Q

Part of the processor which carries out operations such as addition and subtraction, as well as holding a small number of registers

A

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

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7
Q

Small memory units capable of holding a single number

A

Registers

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8
Q

Special purpose register used by the CPU to keep track of where it is in the program it’s executing by storing the memory address of the next instruction the CPU should execute

A

Program Counter (PC)

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9
Q

Tiny switches that a computer is composed of which have the property that they can be wired together in such a way that an output from one switch can turn another switch on or off

A

Transistors

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10
Q

Component of a computer which stores programs and data files more permanently than the main memory

A

Hard Disk/Solid State Drive

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11
Q

Component of a computer allowing it to communicate with other computers that are connected to it on a network, either wireless or by wire

A

Network Interface

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12
Q

Component of a computer that converts images into coded binary numbers that can be stored and manipulated on the computer

A

Scanner

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13
Q

Part of each component of the computer consisting of software that the CPU executes when it has to deal with a certain device so that the CPU may communicate with and control the device

A

Device Driver

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14
Q

A set of wires that carry out various sorts of information between the devices connected to those wires

A

Bus

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15
Q

Method of the CPU checking constantly for incoming data and, when it finds it, processing it

A

Polling

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16
Q

A signal sent by another device to the CPU, which responds by putting aside whatever it is doing in order to erspond to this and then returns to its previous task once it is handled

A

Interrupt

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17
Q

Set of instructions that does the processing necessary to respond to an interrupt, which, at the end, restores the CPU’s previously saved state in order for the processor to return to its task

A

Interrupt Handler

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18
Q

Events which happen at unpredictable times, which the CPU deals with using interrupts

A

Asynchronous Events

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19
Q

Application of multitasking where the CPU quickly switches its attention from one user to another, devoting a fraction of a second to each user in turn

A

Timesharing

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20
Q

Each individual task the CPU is working on

A

Thread

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21
Q

Handlers which are written by programmers to call asynchronously when a specific event occurs

A

Event Handlers

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22
Q

The basic essential software without which a computer would not be able to function, since other programs are dependent on it

A

Operating System (OS)

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23
Q

Type of program which cannot be run directly on any computer, instead being translated into machine language

A

High-Level Programming Language

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24
Q

Program which takes a high-level-language program and translates it into an executable machine-language program

25
Alternative to a compiler which translates a high-level-language program instruction-by-instruction instead of all at once
Interpreter
26
A 'virtual' computer for which programs in Java are written so that Java can be used on any computer
Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
27
Machine language for the Java Virtual Machine
Java bytecode
28
Compiler which translates Java bytecode into native machine language while it is executing the program, thus bypassing concerns of Java being slow
Just-In-Time Compiler
29
A memory location that has been given a name so that it can easily be referred to and used in a program
Variable
30
Code which indicates what sort of data a variable can hold, including integers, floats, strings, characters, dates, colors, etc.
Type
31
Special instructions that can change the flow of control, including loops and branches
Control Structures
32
Control structures which allow a sequence of instructions to be repeated over and over
Loops
33
Control structures which allow the computer to decide between two or more different courses of action by testing conditions that occur as the program is running
Branches
34
Method of breaking larger programs up into manageable chunks, since they consist of the instructions for performing some task, grouped together as a unit and given a name which can then be used as a substitute for the whole set of instructions
Subroutine
35
A component of a larger system that interacts with the rest of the system in a simple, well-defined, and straightforward manner
Module
36
The principle of software engineering stating that the details of what goes on inside a module are not important to the system as a whole, so long as the module fulfills its assigned role correctly
Information Hiding
37
A more advanced form of information hiding where the object is a kind of self-sufficient entity which has an internal state and can respond to messages
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
38
A kind of module containing data and subroutines
Object
39
The data an object contains
State
40
Calls to an object's subroutines
Message
41
The property of objects where different objects can respond to the same message in different ways
Polymorphism
42
Group of objects which contain the same type of data and respond to the same messages in the same way
Class
43
Further grouping of objects within the same class
Subclass
44
The concept that a subclass of a class takes on the same properties as the class
Inheritance
45
Type of modern interaction with computers where the computer draws interface components on the screen and the user manipulates the components using a mouse or finger on touchscreens
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
46
Types of interface tools used by the computer including windows, scroll bars, menus, buttons, icons, etc.
Components
47
Platform where computers can be connected and therefore communicate with other computers by exchanging data and files, sending or receiving messages, or working together on large computations
Network
48
A single network that connects millions of computers throughout the world via wireless communication and physical connection
Internet
49
A detailed specification of how communication is to proceed
Protocol
50
Most basic protocols which specify how data is to be physically transmitted from one computer to another
Internet Protocol (IP)
51
Protocol which ensures that data sent using IP is received in its entirety without error
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
52
Data being sent from one computer to another, including addressing information that indicates where on the Internet that data is supposed to go
Packet
53
A number attached uniquely to each computer on the Internet that identifies the computer among all computers on the Net, used for addressing packets
IP Address
54
A further identification for computers using names instead of the IP address numbers, used for the convenience of the user but superflouos for the purpose of the computer
Domain Names
55
Protocol used by email services to transfer messages from one computer to another
Simple Main Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
56
A platform where the computer stores pages of information
Web Server
57
The user interface of the Web, including Microsoft Edge, Firefox, Chrome, and Safari
Web Browser
58
A protocol used behind the scenes of a web browser to send each page request and to receive the response from the web server
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
59
A small program (no longer used) transmitted over the internet that runs on a web page, making it possible for a web page to perform complex tasks and have complex interactions with the user
Applet

Java Programming (3 decks)

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