Chapter 3

Question 1

The simplest type of structured statement used to group a sequence of statements into a single statement

Answer 1

Block

Question 2

A block consisting of nothing but an empty pair of braces

Answer 2

Empty Block

Question 3

A central concept in computer science allowing a programmer to work with something without understanding how it works in detail, in order to work on a ‘higher level’

Answer 3

Abstraction

Question 4

Concept that the value of a variable can only be used if the compiler can verify that the variable will have been assigned a value at that point when the program is running

Answer 4

Definite Assignment

Question 5

An unambiguous, step-by-step procedure that always terminates after a finite number of steps

Answer 5

Algorithm

Question 6

A method of algorithm development starting with a description of the task, which is used to gradually add details and steps of how to execute said task

Answer 6

Stepwise Refinement

Question 7

Informal instructions that imitate the structure of programming language without the complete detail and perfect syntax of actual program code

Answer 7

Pseudocode

Question 8

Semantic error in a program that shows up as incorrect behavior rather than as compilation error

Answer 8

Bug

Question 9

Process of tracking down the cause of a bug in a program’s source code and eliminating it

Answer 9

Debugging

Question 10

A program that helps find bugs, allowing a programmer to set ‘breakpoints’ in a program where the program pauses so that the programmer can assess variable values

Answer 10

Debugger

Question 11

Traditional approach to debugging where output statements are inserted to print information about the state of the program, thus giving insight to variable values and control structure functionalities

Answer 11

Debugging Statements

Question 12

Input value marked as the last value which can be used to test a loop against but is not part of the data

Answer 12

Sentinel Value

Question 13

Variable used as a signal that is set in one part of the program and tested in another part of it

Answer 13

Flag Variable

Question 14

Statement that allows a programmer to specify which loop they want to break

Answer 14

Labeled Break

Question 15

A simple identifier followed by a colon to specify which loop is which

Answer 15

Label

Question 16

Error in branching statements where an else statement attaches to the wrong if, in nested branches

Answer 16

Dangling Else

Question 17

A multi-tiered if statement that includes three or more options

Answer 17

Multiway Branching

Question 18

A statement that consists simply of a semicolon telling the computer to do nothing

Answer 18

Empty Statement

Question 19

A control structure which allows one to test the value of an expression and, depending on that value, to jump directly to some location within the statement

Answer 19

Switch Statement

Question 20

Marker of a position within a switch statement to which it can jump

Answer 20

Case Label

Question 21

An expression which computes and returns a single value as a switch

Answer 21

Switch Expression

Question 22

Statement which runs a hypothetical and catches errors within it, as well as programs a response different from simply letting the program crash

Answer 22

try..catch

Question 23

Term used to refer to the type of event that one might want to handle with a try..catch statement

Answer 23

Exception

Question 24

Term to describe how an exception occurs in a program

Answer 24

Throw

Question 25

A structure consisting of a number of data items chunked together so that they can be treated as a single unit

Answer 25

Data Structure

Question 26

A data structure in which the items are arranged as a numbered sequence so that each individual item can be referred to by its position number

Answer 26

Array

Question 27

Number of items in an array

Answer 27

Length

Question 28

Data type of the individual items in an array

Answer 28

Base Type

Question 29

Position number of an item in an array

Answer 29

Index

Question 30

The individual variables that make up an array

Answer 30

Elements

Question 31

An operator used to create arrays

Answer 31

New

Question 32

Method of array processing where elements of the array are processed one after the other in the sequence in which they occur in the array

Answer 32

Sequential Access

Question 33

Method of processing arrays where every element of the array is equally accessible at any given time

Answer 33

Random Acces

Question 34

Arrays where the elements can be laid out in a rectangular grid in rows and columns

Answer 34

Two-Dimensional Arrays

Question 35

Small squares on a computer screen arranged in rows and columns which changes color based on a computer program to display text or images

Answer 35

Pixels

Question 36

An object used for drawing in Java, including routines for drawing basic shapes and text

Answer 36

Graphics Context

Question 37

One of two ways to draw a shape in JavaFC involving setting the color of each pixel inside the shape

Answer 37

Fill

Question 38

One of two ways of drawing a shape in JavaFX where the color of the pixels is set along the border of a shape

Answer 38

Stroke

Question 39

A sequence of individual pictures, displayed quickly one after the other

Answer 39

Animation

Question 40

Each picture in an animation

Answer 40

Frame