Chapter 1

Question 1

Obesity

Answer 1

Complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat; classified by a body mass index of 30 or greater

Question 2

Kinesiology

Answer 2

Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology

Question 3

Evidence-based practice

Answer 3

Practice that relies on evidence for guidance and decision-making and includes developing individual expertise, staying current on the best sources of external evidence (e.g. peer-reviewed research) and prioritizing client values and expectations

Question 4

Musculoskeletal system

Answer 4

Combined, interworking system of all the muscles and bones in the body

Question 5

Deconditioned

Answer 5

State of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility and a lack of core and joint stability

Question 6

Overweight

Answer 6

Body weight greater than what is considered within normal standards, a body mass index of 25.0-29.9

Question 7

Muscle imbalance

Answer 7

Muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships

Question 8

Joint stability

Answer 8

Support provided by tissues surrounding a joint to maintain and provide control during movement

Question 9

Socioeconomic status

Answer 9

Social standing of a person or group that includes education, income and occupation

Question 10

Morbidity

Answer 10

State of having a disease

Question 11

Mortality

Answer 11

State or a risk of death or dying

Question 12

Homeostasis

Answer 12

Process by which the human body strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium

Question 13

Risk factor

Answer 13

Any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury

Question 14

Cholesterol

Answer 14

Waxy, fat-like substance found in bodily cells

Question 15

Stroke

Answer 15

Sudden lack of blood supply to brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel

Question 16

Heart attack

Answer 16

Action that occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood and oxygen becomes blocked; medically known as a myocardial infarction

Question 17

Heart failure

Answer 17

Condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs

Question 18

Heart valve problem

Answer 18

Condition that occurs when one or more heart valve don’t function properly, causing shortness of breath and reduced oxygen supply to the body

Question 19

Arrhythmia

Answer 19

Problem with the rate or rhythm of a person’s heartbeat; the heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern

Question 20

Ischemic heart disease

Answer 20

Category of heart related problems caused by the narrowing of coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle

Question 21

Atherosclerosis

Answer 21

Process by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow

Question 22

Physical activity

Answer 22

Bodily movement that results in energy expenditure and encompasses many modes and intensities; movement that is not structured exercise such as recreational pursuits (e.g. golfing, gardening, and walking a dog)

Question 23

Hypertension

Answer 23

Consistently elevated blood pressure

Question 24

Systolic blood pressure

Answer 24

Pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; the first (top) number recorded

Question 25

Diastolic blood pressure

Answer 25

Pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded

Question 26

Diabetes

Answer 26

Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and protein

Question 27

Glucose

Answer 27

Simplest form of carbohydrate used by the body for energy

Question 28

Insulin resistance

Answer 28

Inability of the cells to respond to insulin; occurs in type 2 diabetes

Question 29

Cancer

Answer 29

Group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body

Question 30

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Answer 30

General term used to describe progressive lung diseases, including emphysema, chronic bronchitis and refractory (nonreversible) asthma

Question 31

Endorphins

Answer 31

Group of hormones secreted by the brain that provides a variety of physiological functions, such as reducing the perception of pain

Question 32

Skeletal muscle

Answer 32

Type of muscle tissue that connects to bone and generates the forces that create movement

Question 33

Sprain

Answer 33

Stretching or tearing of ligaments

Question 34

Plantar fasciitis

Answer 34

Inflammation of the fibrous tissue (plantar fascia) along the bottom of the foot; which often results in intense heel pain

Question 35

Patellar tendinitis

Answer 35

An injury or inflammation of the tendon that connects the patella to the tibia (shin bone)

Question 36

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear

Answer 36

Stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee

Question 37

Medial collateral ligament (MCL) tear

Answer 37

Stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the medial collateral ligament of the knee

Question 38

Shoulder impingement syndrome

Answer 38

Shoulder pain caused by rotator cuff tissues rubbing against the acromion bone (shoulder blade) of the shoulder

Question 39

Phases of OPT model

Answer 39

P1: stabilization endurance P2: strength endurance P3: muscular development P4: maximal strength P5: power

Question 40

Which organization functions as the international public health agency of the United Nations?

Answer 40

World Health Organization (WHO)

Question 41

Which chronic disease is the leading cause of death in both men and women?

Answer 41

Coronary artery disease

Question 42

The most practical measurement of overweight and obesity

Answer 42

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Question 43

The most challenging health problem

Answer 43

Obesity, due to poor diet and physical inactivity

Question 44

Two most common issues at the foot and ankle

Answer 44

Ankle sprains and plantar fasciitis

Question 45

Athletic trainer

Answer 45

A professional who often works alongside physicians and medical technicians to help diagnose and help treat sports injuries

Question 46

Licensed massage therapist

Answer 46

Professional who is licensed to therapeutically manipulate the muscles and other soft tissues of the body through physical touch

Question 47

Physical therapist

Answer 47

Practitioner who is educated in many areas of physical rehabilitation

Question 48

Chiropractor

Answer 48

Licensed healthcare professional who primarily deals with conditions relating to spinal alignment

Question 49

Certified personal trainer

Answer 49

Trainer who designs safe and effective exercise programs to help clients reach health, wellness and fitness goals

Question 50

Professionalism

Answer 50

Treat each colleague and client with the utmost respect and dignity

Question 51

Business practice

Answer 51

Maintain adequate liability insurance

Question 52

Confidentiality

Answer 52

Store and dispose of client records in a secure manner

Question 53

Legal and ethical

Answer 53

Accept complete responsibility for one’s actions

Question 54

Scope of practice

Answer 54

All the things a professional can do within the legal boundaries of their job title