Chapter 4

Question 1

Autonomy

Answer 1

Acting in accordance with how one wants to behave

Question 2

Third space

Answer 2

A communal space, separate from home or work, where the client experiences their own sense of identity and relationship to others

Question 3

Behavior change techniques (BCTs)

Answer 3

Client interventions that are used to change some determinant of behavior

Question 4

Self-efficacy

Answer 4

One’s belief that they can complete a task, goal, or performance; also known as self-confidence

Question 5

Self-monitoring

Answer 5

Observing, measuring, and evaluating one’s own behavior, often in the form of a diary or a log

Question 6

Determinants of behavior

Answer 6

Refers to the psychological, social, or environmental factors that influence behavior

Question 7

Intention

Answer 7

A construct that captures motivational factors that influences behavior; it indicates how hard people are willing to try and how much effort they are planning to exert

Question 8

Self-determination theory

Answer 8

A broad theoretical framework for the study of human motivation

Question 9

Autonomous motivation

Answer 9

When motives for exercise relate to valuing the outcome, when exercise is consistent with the client’s identity, or when the client enjoys exercise

Question 10

Planning

Answer 10

A concrete representation of when and where exercise will occur

Question 11

Attitudes

Answer 11

The degree to which a person’s favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior of interest

Question 12

Outcome expectations

Answer 12

The expected positive and negative consequences of a behavior

Question 13

Stress

Answer 13

The state of mental or emotional tension from demanding circumstances

Question 14

Perceived behavioral control

Answer 14

An evaluation of whether one has the means, resources and opportunities to perform a behavior

Question 15

Affective judgment

Answer 15

Referring to expected pleasure or enjoyment

Question 16

Subjective norms

Answer 16

Belief that an important person or group of people will approve and support a behavior

Question 17

Pre-contemplation

Answer 17

Client does not exercise and is not planning to start within 6 months

Question 18

Contemplation

Answer 18

When a person is thinking about implementing change but has not yet taken any steps to get started; an individual may take action within the next 6 months

Question 19

Preparations

Answer 19

The client intends to act in the near future, usually within the next month

Question 20

Action

Answer 20

The client has made specific modifications in their exercise routine within the past 6 months

Question 21

Maintenance

Answer 21

The client has been exercising for more than 6 months and is working to prevent relapse

Question 22

Decisional balance

Answer 22

Reflects the client’s weighing of the pros and cons of changing

Question 23

Reflective listening

Answer 23

Process of seeking to understand the meaning of the speaker’s words and restating the idea back to them to confirm that they were understood correctly

Question 24

Active listening

Answer 24

Listening style that involves having genuine interest in what the speaker is saying; requires the listener to fully concentrate to understand the message

Question 25

Closed-ended questions

Answer 25

Directive questions that can be answered with one word, typically yes or no

Question 26

Collecting summaries

Answer 26

Short sentences that continue the client’s thoughts and add momentum to the conversation

Question 27

Linking summaries

Answer 27

Summaries that tie together information the client has presented, perhaps even from previous sessions

Question 28

Transitional summaries

Answer 28

Summaries used to wrap up a session or announce a shift in focus

Question 29

Affirmations

Answer 29

Positive statements about character strengths

Question 30

Motivational interviewing

Answer 30

Client-centered directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence

Question 31

Self-discrepancy

Answer 31

An internal conflict that occurs when an individual compares their actual self with their ideal self

Question 32

Sustain talk

Answer 32

Talk that represents and predicts movement away from change

Question 33

Change talk

Answer 33

Talk the reflects movement of the person toward behavior change

Question 34

Implementation intentions

Answer 34

A behavior change technique that links a goal-directed response to situational cues by specifying when, where, and how to act

Question 35

Coping plans

Answer 35

A behavior change technique that involves anticipating barriers to goal action and proactively preparing strategies that prioritize intentional behavior over counterproductive habitual responses

Question 36

Self talk

Answer 36

Internal dialogue in which the individual interprets feelings and perceptions, regulates and changes evaluations and convictions, and gives themselves instructions and reinforcement

Question 37

Reverse listing

Answer 37

Replacing negative statements with positive statements

Question 38

Stopping

Answer 38

Act of saying “STOP” to undesired statements

Question 39

Cognitive fusion

Answer 39

When people believe the exact content of their own thoughts

Question 40

Imagery

Answer 40

The process created to produce internalized experiences

Question 41

Appearance imagery

Answer 41

When a person creates mental images that increase energy and/or relieve stress

Question 42

Technique imagery

Answer 42

When individuals mentally rehearse their technique

Question 43

Psyching up

Answer 43

The process to get oneself into a state of psychological readiness for performance

Question 44

What is one of the strongest determinants of physical activity in adults?

Answer 44

Self-efficacy

Question 45

What are the stages of changes

Answer 45

Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

Question 46

Nonverbal communication

Answer 46

Information derived from bodily cues, not speaking

Question 47

What is the defining feature of the contemplation phase?

Answer 47

Ambivalence

Question 48

What do the health benefits of exercise depend on?

Answer 48

Long-term commitment

Question 49

What are cognitive strategies intended to do?

Answer 49

Alter the way someone thinks about an activity

Question 50

Another term for “vague goals”

Answer 50

Subjective goals

Question 51

When shoulda client’s first exercise program be designed?

Answer 51

After the initial consultation