Chapter 1, 2, 3

Question 1

The process of using observations and experiments to draw evidence-based conclusions

Answer 1

Science

Question 2

An informal observation that has not been systematically tested

Answer 2

Anecdotal Evidence

Question 3

A process in which independent scientific experts read scientific studies before their publication to ensure that the authors have appropriately designed and interpreted their study

Answer 3

Peer Review

Question 4

A testable and falsifiable explanation for a scientific observation or question

Answer 4

Hypothesis

Question 5

A hypothesis is testable if it can be supported or rejected by carefully designed experiments or non experimental studies

Answer 5

Testable

Question 6

A carefully designed test, the results of which will either support or rule out a hypothesis

Answer 6

Experiment

Question 7

The group in an experiment that experiences the experimental intervention or manipulation

Answer 7

Experimental Group

Question 8

The group in an experiment that experiences to experimental intervention or manipulation

Answer 8

Control Group

Question 9

A fake treatment given to control groups to mimic the experience of the experimental groups

Answer 9

Placebo

Question 10

The effect observed when members of a control group display a measurable response to a placebo because thy thing that they are receiving a real treatment

Answer 10

Placebo Effect

Question 11

The variable or facto being deliberately changed in the experimental group

Answer 11

Independent Variable

Question 12

The measured result of an experiment analyzed in both the experimental and control groups

Answer 12

Dependent Variable

Question 13

The number of experimental subjects or the number of times an experiment is repeated in human studies sample size is the number of subjects

Answer 13

Sample size

Question 14

A measure of confidence that the results obtained are real rather than due to random chance

Answer 14

Statistical significance

Question 15

A hypothesis that is supported by many years of rigorous testing and thousands of experiments.

Answer 15

Scientific Theory

Question 16

The study of patterns of disease in populations including risk factors

Answer 16

Epidemiology

Question 17

A consistent relationship between two variables

Answer 17

Correlation

Question 18

A controlled medical experiment in which subjects are randomly chosen to receive either an experimental treatment or a standard treatment or placebo

Answer 18

Randomized Clinical Trial

Question 19

The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment

Answer 19

Homeostasis

Question 20

The ability to do work Living organisms obtain energy from food which theory either make using the energy of sunlight or consume form the environment

Answer 20

Energy

Question 21

All the chemical reactions taking place in the cells of a living organism that allow it to obtain ant use energy

Answer 21

Metabolism

Question 22

a chemically pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down each element is made up of and defined by a single type of atom

Answer 22

Element

Question 23

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Answer 23

matter

Question 24

The smallest unit of an element that cannot be chemically broken down into smaller units

Answer 24

Atom

Question 25

A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 25

proton

Question 26

a Negatively charged subatomic particle with negligible mass

Answer 26

electron

Question 27

an electrically uncharged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 27

neutron

Question 28

the dense core of an atom

Answer 28

nucleus

Question 29

a strong chemical bond resulting from the sharing of a pair of electrons between tow atoms

Answer 29

covalent bond

Question 30

atoms linked by covalent bonds

Answer 30

molecule

Question 31

a molecule wit a carbon based backbone and at least one C-H bond

Answer 31

Organic molecule

Question 32

A molecule that lacks a carbon based backbone and C-H bonds

Answer 32

Inorganic Molecule

Question 33

An organic molecule made up of one or more sugars

Answer 33

Carbohydrate

Question 34

a one sugar carbohydrate

Answer 34

monosaccharide

Question 35

a carbohydrate with multiple linked sugars

Answer 35

polysaccharide

Question 36

an organic molecule made up of linked ammo acid subunits

Answer 36

protein

Question 37

Organic molecules that generally repel water

Answer 37

Lipids

Question 38

organic molecules made up of nucleotide subunits

Answer 38

Nucleic acids

Question 39

Large organic molecules that make up living organisms the include carbohydrates proteins and nucleic acids

Answer 39

Macromolecules

Question 40

One chemical subunit of a polymer

Answer 40

monomer

Question 41

a molecule made up of individual subunits called monomers linked together in a chain

Answer 41

polymer

Question 42

the building block or monomer of a carbohydrate

Answer 42

monosaccharide

Question 43

the building block or monomer of a protein

Answer 43

amino acid

Question 44

the building block or monomer of a nucleic acid

Answer 44

Nucleotide

Question 45

the basic structural unit of living organisms

Answer 45

cell

Question 46

a type of lipid that forms the cell membrane

Answer 46

phospholipid

Question 47

a double layer of lipid molecules that characterizes all biological membranes

Answer 47

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 48

water fearing hydrophobic molecules will not dissolve in water

Answer 48

hydrophobic

Question 49

water loving

Answer 49

hydro philic

Question 50

a substance in which other substances can dissolve

Answer 50

solvent

Question 51

a dissolved substance

Answer 51

solute

Question 52

a mixture of solutes dissolved in solvents

Answer 52

solution

Question 53

a molecule in which electrons are not shared equally between atoms causing g a partial positive charge at on end and a partial negative charge at the other

Answer 53

polar molecule

Question 54

a strong electrical attraction between oppositely charged ions

Answer 54

ionic bond

Question 55

an electrically charged atom the charge resulting from the loss or gain of electrons

Answer 55

ion

Question 56

a weak electrical attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and another atom with a partial negative charge

Answer 56

hydrogen bond

Question 57

A measure of the concentration of H+ in a solution

Answer 57

pH

Question 58

a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions making them more acidic

Answer 58

acid

Question 59

a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions making them more basic

Answer 59

base

Question 60

an infectious agent made up of protein shell that encloses genetic information

Answer 60

virus

Question 61

a protein only infectious agent

Answer 61

prion

Question 62

a chemical that can slow or stop the growth of bacteria

Answer 62

antibiotics

Question 63

the concept that ll living organisms are made of cells and that cells are formed by the reproduction of existing cells

Answer 63

cell theory

Question 64

cells that lack internal membrane-bound organelles including a central nucleus

Answer 64

prokaryotic cells

Question 65

cells that contain membrane bound organelles including a central nucleus

Answer 65

eukaryotic cells

Question 66

the membrane bound compartments of eukaryotic cells that carry out specific functions

Answer 66

organelles

Question 67

a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that forms the boundary of all cells

Answer 67

cell membrane

Question 68

the gelatinous aqueous interior of all cells

Answer 68

cytoplasim

Question 69

a complex of RNA and protein that carries out protein sysnthesis in all cells

Answer 69

ribosome

Question 70

the organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material

Answer 70

nucleus

Question 71

a rigid structure enclosing the cell membrane of some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape

Answer 71

cell wall

Question 72

the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from an areo fo lowere solute concentration to an area of highter soulute concentration

Answer 72

osmosis

Question 73

a macromolecule that forms all bacterial cell walls and provides rigidit to the cell wall

Answer 73

peptidoglycan

Question 74

refers to the bacteria with a cell wal that includes a thick layer of peptidoglycan that retains the gram stain

Answer 74

gram positive

Question 75

refers to bacteria with a cell wall that includes a thin layer of pepdoglycan surrouinded by an outer lipid membrane that toes not retain the gram stain

Answer 75

gram negative

Question 76

the movement of small hydrophobic molecules across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to and area of lowere concentration

Answer 76

simple diffusion

Question 77

protiens involved in the movement of molecules across the cell membrane

Answer 77

transport protiens

Question 78

the process by which large or hydrophilic solutes move across a membrane form an area of higher concentration to an area of lowere concentration with the help of transport protiens

Answer 78

faciliated diffusion

Question 79

the energy requiring process by which solutes ar pumped from an area of lowere concentration to an higher concentration with the help of transport protiens

Answer 79

active transport

Question 80

the double membrane surrounding the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 80

nuclear envelope

Question 81

membrane bound organelles responsible for important energy conversion reactions in eukaryotes

Answer 81

mitochondria

Question 82

a membrane enclosed series of passages in eukaryotic cells in which proteins and lipids are synthesized

Answer 82

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 83

an organelle made up of stacked membrane enclosed discs that packages proteins and prepares them for transport

Answer 83

golgi apparatus

Question 84

an organelle in plant and algai cells that is the site of photosynthesis

Answer 84

chloroplast

Question 85

an organelle in eukaryotic cells filled with enzymes that can degrade worn out cellular structures

Answer 85

lysosome

Question 86

a network of protien fibers in eukaryotic celss that providedses structure and facilitates cell movement

Answer 86

cytoskeleton

Question 87

the theroy that free living prokaryotic cells engulfed other free living prokaryotic cells billions of years a go forming eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts

Answer 87

endosymbiosis