Chapter 11 Flashcards
(17 cards)
a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
Mutation
having two copies of each chromosome ion a diploid cell one chromosome in the pair is inherited form the mother and the other is inherited for the father
humongous chromosomes
the visible or measureable features of an individual
phenotype
the particular genetic markup of an individual
genotype
specialized reproductive cells that carry one copy of each chromosome
gametes
having only one copy of every chromosome
haploid
a specialized type of cell decision that generates genetically unique haploid gametes
meiosis
a cell that is capable of developing into an adult organism
zygote
an early stage of development reached when a zygote undergoes cell division to form a multicellular structure
embryo
the stage of meiosis in which the maternal and paternal chromosomes pair and physically exchange DNA segments
recombination
the principle that alleles of different genes are distributed independently of one another during meiosis
independent assortment
an allele that reveals itself in a phenotype only if the organism has two copies of that allele
recessive allele
an allele that can mask the presence of a recessive allele
dominant allele
having two different alleles
heterozygous
having two identical alleles
homozygous
a diagram used to determine probabilities of offspring having particular genotypes given to the genotypes of the parents
punnent square
an individual who is heterozygous for a particular gene of interest and therefore can pass on the recessive allele without showing any of its effects
carrier
