Chapter 1/2: Introduction to Personality

Question 1

dictionary definition of personality

Answer 1

state of being a person

Question 2

psychological definition of personality

Answer 2

unique and relatively enduring internal and external aspects of a person’s character

Question 3

APA definition of personality

Answer 3

enduring configuration of characteristics and behaviour that comprises an individual’s unique adjustment to life

Question 4

traits

Answer 4

personality characteristics that determine a person’s behaviour or by which it can be explainedi

Question 5

interest

Answer 5

something that is significant to the individual or that arouses an individual’s attention

Question 6

drive

Answer 6

a ready state of action, motivating a person to complete a goal

Question 7

value

Answer 7

a moral principal for what is considered good or bad

Question 8

self-concept

Answer 8

one’s description of oneself

Question 9

ability

Answer 9

what one is capable of going and emotional patterns are ways in which people react emotionally to events

Question 10

temperament

Answer 10

level of emotional reactivity and ability to regulate emotions

Question 11

what causes aggression (humanistic)

Answer 11

something interferes with natural growth process

Question 12

what causes aggression (behavioural/social)

Answer 12

aggressive behaviour that gets awarded gets repeated

Question 13

what causes depression (psychoanalytic)

Answer 13

holding unconscious feelings of anger and hostility

Question 14

what causes depression (cognitive)

Answer 14

brain has too many negative thoughts

Question 15

trait anxiety

Answer 15

basic levels of anxiety born to us are largely inherited

Question 16

reliability

Answer 16

consistency of response to a psychological assessment device

Question 17

validity

Answer 17

extent to which an assessment device measures what it is intended to measure

Question 18

Dark triad

Answer 18

machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism

Question 19

What test measures the dark triad?

Answer 19

Dirty Dozen

Question 20

Advantages of online test administration

Answer 20

• less time-consuming and expensive
• objective scoring

Question 21

psychoanalytic approach to personality

Answer 21

unconscious mind is responsible for behaviour

Question 22

trait psychology

Answer 22

individual lies along a continuum of traits

Question 23

biological approach to personality

Answer 23

inherited predispositions and physiological processes contribute to differences in personality

Question 24

humanistic psychology

Answer 24

personal responsibility and feelings of self-acceptance cause personality differences

Question 25

5 points of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 25

Self-actualization esteem love/belonging safety physiological needs

Question 26

reward deficiency syndrome

Answer 26

those with lower dopamine receptors are more motivated by risk

Question 27

what causes aggression (psychoanalytic)

Answer 27

unconscious desire to self-destruct

Question 28

what do individualistic cultures emphasize?

Answer 28

individual needs, independence, and accomplishments

Question 29

what do collectivistic cultures emphasize?

Answer 29

cooperation and group achievements

Question 30

How are the reliability and validity of projective tests

Answer 30

low

Question 31

parsimonious

Answer 31

simplest theory can explain phenomenon best