Chapter 1

Question 0

Communication breakdowns

Answer 0

Communication problems that occur when receivers do not provide appropriate types or amounts of feedback or when senders so not attend to feedback

Question 1

Communication

Answer 1

The process of sharing info among individuals

Question 2

Content

Answer 2

Synonymous with semantics, the meaning of language. One of the three language domains

Question 3

Form

Answer 3

How words, sentences, and sounds are organized and arranged to convey content. One of the three language domains.

Question 4

Intentional/iconic communication

Answer 4

More precise and intent than symbolic communication. Requires spatial position among sender and referant to be not arbitrary.

Question 5

Modularity

Answer 5

Theory that the human brain contains a set of highly specific regions to process specific types of info.

Question 6

Morphemes

Answer 6

Smallest units of language that carry meaning. Component of the form language domain.

Question 7

Phoneme

Answer 7

Smallest unit of sound signaling a difference in meaning. Production of syllables and words are phonemes strung together

Question 8

Speech

Answer 8

Neuromuscular process in which humans turn language into a sound signal that is transmitted through the air or other medium to a receiver

Question 9

Speech perception

Answer 9

How the brain processes speech and language. Ability to understand the sounds and words of a native language

Question 10

Use

Answer 10

Synonymous with pragmatics. How language is used in interactions with other people to express needs. One of the three domains of language.

Question 11

What are the 3 domains of language?

Answer 11

Content , form, and use

Question 12

Language

Answer 12

System if conventional spoken or written symbols used by people in a shared culture to communicate with one another.

Question 13

4 characteristic of language

Answer 13

System of symbols, shared, conventional, communication

Question 14

Referant

Answer 14

Aspect of the world to which a word refers

Question 15

What 4 systems are required for speech?

Answer 15

Respiration, phonation, resonation, and articulation

Question 16

Phonation

Answer 16

Vibration of vocal chords for ones voice.

Question 17

Resonation

Answer 17

Air moving to oral/nasal cavities where it resonates

Question 18

Articulation

Answer 18

Manipulation of the air and sound by tongue, teeth and jaw

Question 19

4 steps for the transmission and reception of speech

Answer 19

1. Creation of a sound source
2. Vibration of air particles
3. Reception by the ear
4. Comprehension by the brain

Question 20

Statistical learning

Answer 20

Domain general learning process whereby infants compute the statistical properties of the language they hear

Question 21

Coarticulation

Answer 21

Overlapping of phonemes during human speech

Question 22

Oral communication

Answer 22

Combo of speaking and listening. This doesn’t constitute all communication.

Question 23

Linguistic feedback

Answer 23

Speaking feedback

Question 24

Non linguistic/extra linguistic feedback

Answer 24

Body language, expressions, gestures

Question 25

Para linguistic feedback

Answer 25

Pitch, loudness, pausing

Question 26

Lexicon

Answer 26

Set vocabulary system

Question 27

3 components of form

Answer 27

Phonology, morphology, and syntax

Question 28

Phonology

Answer 28

Rules governing the sounds used to make syllables into words

Question 29

Allophones

Answer 29

Subtle variations of phonemes that occur as a result of contextual influences

Question 30

Morphology

Answer 30

Rules governing the internal organization of words

Question 31

Syntax

Answer 31

Rules governing the internal organization of sentences

Question 32

Semantics

Answer 32

Component of content. Governs the meaning of individual words and word combos

Question 33

Pragmatics

Answer 33

Component of use. Governs how language is used for social purposes

Question 34

How many phonemes are in General American English (GAE)?

Answer 34

39

Question 35

Universality

Answer 35

Suggests that person apply the same cognitive infrastructure to the task of language learning

Question 36

Species specificity

Answer 36

Language is a strictly human capacity so it shows this.

Question 37

Semanticity/displacement

Answer 37

Language allows us to represent decontextualized things. language can be arbitrary

Question 38

Code switching

Answer 38

Ability for bilingual people to switch easily between languages

Question 39

Factors of language differences

Answer 39

Dialects, bilingualism, gender, genetic predisposition, language learning envrionment

Question 40

Specific language impairment

Answer 40

Show language delays alone, not in concordance with any other impairments

Question 41

Developmental disability

Answer 41

Language impairment often occurs with these, often as a secondary disorder to the primary cause

Question 42

Acquired brain injuries

Answer 42

Language impairment can result from traumatic brain injuries (TBI)

Question 43

What are the stages of the process of speech production?

Answer 43

Perceptual target, motor schema, speech output/ongoing feedback

Question 44

Perceptual target

Answer 44

Abstract representation of speech sound steam is produced

Question 45

Motor schema

Answer 45

Brain systems produce a rough plan of the abstract representation. General instructions fed in syllable chunks to muscle groups

Question 46

Speech output/ongoing feedback

Answer 46

Air pressure modulate as respiratory flow moves forward. Articulators manipulate to produce

Question 47

Relationship of speech and language

Answer 47

Language does not depend on speech, but speech depends on language for meaning

Question 48

Acoustics

Answer 48

The study of sound

Question 49

3 basic purposes of communication

Answer 49

To request, to reject, and to comment

Question 50

Remarkable features of language

Answer 50

Rate of acquisition, universality, species specificity, Semanticity, productivity

Question 51

African American Vernacular English (AAVE)

Answer 51

Complex dialect of English used by many blacks, Hispanics, etc. May have a negative connotation or performance related to GAE

Question 52

Twins Early Developmental Study (TEDS)

Answer 52

UK study following twins language development at 2,3, and 4 years.

Question 53

How does temperament affect language development in practice?

Answer 53

Child's language learning experience interacts with their innate temperament. Help them participate and ask questions