Chapter 3

Question 0

Morphological development

Answer 0

Acquiring inflectional morphemes and derivational morphemes

Question 1

Phonological development

Answer 1

Acquiring sensitivity to prosodic cues, internal representations of the native languages phonemes, producing vowels and consonants intelligibly

Question 2

Syntactic development

Answer 2

Increasing utterance length, different sentence modalities, developing complete syntax

Question 3

Semantic development

Answer 3

Building a lexicon, new words and organizing lexicon for efficient retrieval

Question 4

Pragmatic development

Answer 4

Acquiring communication and conversation skills, sensitivity to extra linguistic cues

Question 5

When does phonological development begin?

Answer 5

Immediately at birth if not prior.

Question 6

How do infants parse streams of speech?

Answer 6

Prosodic cues, knowledge of word stress patterns and pausing

Question 7

Phonological knowledge

Answer 7

Internal representation of the phonemes comprising the native language

Question 8

Phonological production

Answer 8

Expression if phonemes to produce syllables and words

Question 9

Phonics

Answer 9

Teaches relationships between letters and sounds. Importance of systemic nature of phonological structure of language

Question 10

Functional load

Answer 10

Importance of a phoneme in a languages phonemic inventory

Question 11

What influences phonological development?

Answer 11

Linguistic experience (low vs high income homes), chronic ear infections, etc.

Question 12

Grammatical morphemes

Answer 12

Add grammatical inflections to words I.e. Plural ‘s’ , past tense ‘Ed’

Question 13

Derivational morphemes

Answer 13

Change syntactic class and semantic meaning ex: prefixes and suffixes

Question 14

Bound morphemes

Answer 14

Must be attached to other morphemes

Question 15

Free morphemes

Answer 15

Can stand alone; words with clear semantic Referents and worded with primarily grammatical purposes

Question 16

3 different sentence types

Answer 16

Declarative, negatives, interrogative

Question 17

2 types of interrogatives

Answer 17

Wh questions, yes/no questions

Question 18

Clause

Answer 18

A syntactic structure containing a verb or verb phrase

Question 19

Complex syntax

Answer 19

Use of phrase and clause structures as well as conjunctive devices for organizing internal structure of sentences

Question 20

Browns 5 stages of grammatical development

Answer 20

1. 3-5 morphemes in length
2. Complex sentences emerge that feature embedded subordinate clauses
3. Embedded wh questions

Question 21

Hoffs “learning from input hypothesis”

Answer 21

Grammatical properties of children’s language use are dependent upon exposure to those properties in child directed speech

Question 22

The mental lexicon

Answer 22

Volume of words one understands (receptive) and uses (expressive). Typically receptive > expressive

Question 23

vocabulary spurt

Answer 23

Begins near the end of second year and continues for several years

Question 24

Semantic taxonomy

Answer 24

Differentiates words based on semantic roles

Question 25

Nelson's semantic taxonomy

Answer 25

1. Specific nominals 2. General nominals 3. Action words 4. Modifiers 5. Personal social words

Question 26

Specific nominals

Answer 26

Specific object (daddy, mommy)

Question 27

General nominal

Answer 27

All members of a category (truck, cat)

Question 28

Action words

Answer 28

Specific actions (up), social action games (peek a boo) , action inhibitors (no)

Question 29

Modifiers

Answer 29

Properties and qualities (big, mine)

Question 30

Personal social words

Answer 30

Affective states and relationships (yes, bye bye)

Question 31

Composition of early (50 words) lexicon

Answer 31

``` General nominals 51% Specific nominals 14% Action words 13% Modifiers 9% Personal social words 8% ```

Question 32

3 stages of learning a new word

Answer 32

Achieve familiarity with word, "fragile state" errors occur, deeper and flexible knowledge of word

Question 33

Ostentive word learning contexts

Answer 33

Great deal of contextual info provided about a word either linguistically or extra linguistically

Question 34

Nonostentive word learning contexts (inferential)

Answer 34

Little contextual info is provided to derive the meaning of a new word

Question 35

Building a semantic network

Answer 35

Entries organIzed based on connective ties. Entries themselves don't carry meaning but the links between them do

Question 36

Influences on semantic development

Answer 36

Gender, language impairment, exposure,

Question 37

Joint attention

Answer 37

Coordinating attention between social partner and object of interest, early schematic representation of conversations

Question 38

Register

Answer 38

Stylistic variations in language that are used in different situations

Question 39

Features of phonological awareness

Answer 39

Syllable counting, rhyme detection, initial sound identification, initial sound elision, phoneme counting

Question 40

Language focused curricula

Answer 40

Designed to improve the linguistic environments of preschool classrooms by increasing teachers use of complex vocabulary and syntax in the CDS. Ex: Betty bunce uni of Kansas Language Acquisition Preschool

Question 41

How does poverty affect language learning?

Answer 41

Families in poverty have less emotional well being, education, and time to focus on their child's language environment. Also less medical care