Chapter 2

Question 0

Basic research

Answer 0

Studying language development primarily to generate and refine the existing knowledge base

Question 1

Applied research

Answer 1

Studying language development to test approaches and practices that pertain to real world settings/specific problems

Question 2

Enrichment

Answer 2

Process through which teachers clinicians and other adults provide kids with an enhance language learning environment

Question 3

3 direct applications of language theory and research to practice

Answer 3

Enrichment, intervention and remediation, and prevention

Question 4

Intervention and remediation

Answer 4

Programs used to help people who exhibit difficulties with some aspect of language development

Question 5

Language acquisition device

Answer 5

Professor of linguistics Noam Chmosky’s innate species specific module dedicated to language and not other forms of learning

Question 6

Normative research

Answer 6

Experts compile data on a certain aspect if language development and from these data determine and chart the ages by which children typically meet milestones

Question 7

Operant conditioning

Answer 7

Concept in BF Skinners behaviorist theory that describe how behaviors are shaped by espouses to the behaviors.

Question 8

Prevention

Answer 8

To inhibit language difficulties from emerging thus reduce the need to resolve issues later in life

Question 9

Theory

Answer 9

Descriptive statements that provide stable explanations for a given phenomenon

Question 10

Universal grammar

Answer 10

System of grammatical rules that are consistent in all works languages (Chomsky)

Question 11

Use inspired basic research

Answer 11

Toe of research that concentrates on building connections between theory and practice

Question 12

Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 12

Vygotskian theory that describes differences between a child’s actual developmental level and their potential developmental level

Question 13

Domain specific

Answer 13

Strict modularity in the brain for language learning

Question 14

Domain general

Answer 14

Non modularity in the brain for language learning

Question 15

Nurture inspired (empiricist) theories

Answer 15

Humans gain all knowledge through experience. “Blank slate”

Question 16

Nature inspired (nativist) theories

Answer 16

Much knowledge is innate and genetically transmitted

Question 17

What are some nurture based theories?

Answer 17

Skinners behaviorist, vykotskys social interactionist, piagets cognitive, intentionality model of language acquisition, competition model, and usage based

Question 18

What are some nature based theories?

Answer 18

Fodor’s modularity theory, universal grammar, bootstrapping theories, and connectionist theories

Question 19

Skinners behaviorist theory

Answer 19

Learning is result if operant conditioning. Language is just like all other behaviors, adults reinforce there verbalizations

Question 20

Vygotskys social interactionist theory

Answer 20

Importance of social interaction. Concepts are introduced first in a social context and then generalize to cognition

Question 21

Piagets cognitive theory

Answer 21

Stages of learning/development. Language is an ability that reflects developments in other areas of growth.

Question 22

Intentionality model of language acquisition

Answer 22

Children intentionally drive themselves to acquire language to express their needs

Question 23

Competition model

Answer 23

Children begin to acquire the language they hear most frequently/consistently. Multiple forms compete with each other and a child must sort which one is stronger

Question 24

Usage based theory

Answer 24

Children meant language because they have a reason to talk, corresponds with increasing capacity to engage communicatively with others

Question 25

Fodor's modularity theory

Answer 25

Language is innate. Brain has specific modularity for higher language processing etc.

Question 26

Universal grammar theory

Answer 26

Noam Chomsky. Idea of grammatical rules across languages and the Language Acquisition Device

Question 27

Syntactic bootstrapping

Answer 27

Children learn the meaning of an unfamiliar verb by examining extra linguistic cues

Question 28

Bootstrapping

Answer 28

Children arrive at language learning with knowledge of syntactic categories and utilize it to understand the meaning of word that fill various positions in sentences

Question 29

Semantic bootstrapping

Answer 29

Children deduce grammatical structures using word meanings that they acquire by observing events around them

Question 30

Prosodic bootstrapping

Answer 30

Infants are sensitive to the acoustic patterns of their native language

Question 31

Connectionism

Answer 31

Attempt to visually approximate the inner workings of the brain and model and simulate the mechanisms responsible for language growth in relationship to input

Question 32

Models

Answer 32

Simulations composed of 2 important elements working a late get network: nodes and connections

Question 33

Nodes

Answer 33

Simple processions units that are likened to neurons in the brain

Question 34

Connections

Answer 34

carry input from node to node

Question 35

Evidence based practice

Answer 35

Involves integrating theoretical knowledge with scientific inquiry to inform decision making

Question 36

Genetic epistemology

Answer 36

The study of the development of knowledge. Piaget known for.

Question 37

Egocentric speech

Answer 37

Children can produce a monologue but can't respond or take turns with each other

Question 38

Mean length of utterance (MLU)

Answer 38

A calculation if the number if morphemes per utterance used to estimate the syntactic complexity of children's utterances

Question 39

T or F discrimination can occur simply based on a persons dialect

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Head turn preference procedure

Answer 40

Psycholinguistic study that shows a child's ability to differentiate between stimuli and form a preference that they indicate by turning their head