Chapter 1-3 Flashcards
1
Q
Vitamin D3, cholesterol in skin
A
cholecalciferol
2
Q
Vit D3 in liver
A
calcidol
3
Q
Vit D3 in kidney
A
calcitriol
4
Q
covers outside of an animal continuous with?
A
mucous membranes
5
Q
outer layer, squamous epithelium. free nerve- endings
A
epidermis
6
Q
dense, irregular connective tissue. Cushions from stress and strain
A
dermis (corium)
7
Q
superficial fascia, loose connective tissue, lobules of fat
A
hypodermis (subcutis)
8
Q
layers of dead. flattened cells
A
stratum corneum
9
Q
variably present, poorly stainable
A
stratum lucidum
10
Q
spindle- shaped cells, basophilic keratohyalin (keratinocytes)
A
stratum granulosum
11
Q
spiny; intercellular bridges, connect adjacent cells
A
stratum spinosum
12
Q
cuboidal, mitotically active, columnar cells
A
stratum basale
13
Q
drying hardening, skin tough and resistant to drying
A
keratinization and cornification
14
Q
what influence keratinization and cornification
A
trauma or disease process
15
Q
increase thickness due to trauma
A
callus
16
Q
where is panniculus adiposus
A
hypodermis
17
Q
smooth outer coat hair
A
guard hair
18
Q
undercoat, often curly
A
wool hair
19
Q
long stiff, organ to touch hairs
A
tactile hair
20
Q
modification of epidermis
A
hair follicle
21
Q
base of follicle, cells divide, build shaft
A
hair bulb
22
Q
holocrine glands, oily secretory product
A
sebaceous glands
23
Q
oily secretory product
A
sebum
24
Q
bundle smooth muscle fibers, hair follicle angle toward epidermis
A
arrector pili muscle
25
scaly cortex, thin cuticle
medulla
26
covers root of hair and dermis papilla
internal epithelial root sheath
27
internal root sheath, rise to sebaceous glands
external epithelial root sheath
28
dermis of hoofs and horns
corium
29
waxy laye, cover outside of hoofs
periople
30
connection between hoof wall and corium
laminae
31
shock- absorbing of subcutis
digital cushion
32
horns form over process?
cornual process
33
soft type of horn
epikeras
34
do not bear weight, little clinical significance
declaws
35
hornlike growths, medial of horse's limbs
chestnuts
36
proximal to carpus
front chestnuts
37
distal to hocks
hind chestnuts
38
small cornified epithelium, center of palmar (plantar) fetlock of horse
ergots
39
epidermal growths, outer covers or plumage
feather
40
external anatomical structures of birds
bill/beak
41
freshly growth, crest on top of gallinaceous birds; turkeys, pheasant, domestic chickens
comb and wattle
42
hanging various parts of head and neck in birds and mammals
caruncle
43
protuberance on forehead of turkeys
snood
44
bone composition of organic framework
1/3
45
collagen and polysaccharides
glycosaminoglycans
46
inorganic component in bone composition
2/3
47
inorganic component largely in?
calcium and phosphorus salts
48
dense cortical bone, entire shaft of bones
compact bones
49
spongy bine, porous network filled with marrow
cancellous bone
50
marrow cavity, space surrounded by cortex of long bone
medullary cavity
51
either end of a long bone
epiphysis
52
cylindrical shaft of long bone
diaphysis
53
flared are adjacent to epiphysis, cortical bone thinner
metaphysis
54
bone can increase in length
epiphyseal cartilage / disk
55
covers articular surface of bone, cover joints of bone
articular cartilage
56
fibrous membrane covers surface except Articular Cartilages
periosteum
57
bone producing cells , bone matrix
osteoblasts
58
lines the marrow cavity
endosteum
59
bone destroying cells
osteoclasts
60
maintains bone tissue
osteocytes
61
stem cell
osteogenic cell
62
bone that is cylinder like shape, longer than its wide
long bones
63
examples of long bones
femur, tibia, fibula, ulna, metatarsals, humerus, radius, phalanges, metacarpals
64
spongy bone filled with marrow, cuboid, absorb concussion
short bones
65
examples of short bones
carpals and tarsals
66
thin, diploe, protect internal organs
flat bones
67
examples of flat bones
sternum, ribs, scapulae, cranial bones
68
sesame seed shape, small and round. embedded in tendons, reduce friction.
sesamoid bones
69
examples of sesamoid bones
patellae
70
air spaces/sinuses bones
pneumatic bones
71
unpaired bones on median plane, complex shapes
irregular bones
72
examples of irregular bones
vertebrae, facial bones
73
3 divisions of skeleton
axial, appendicular, visceral
74
supports brain and pituitary gland
sphenoid bone
75
opening/ passageway of olfactory nerves
ethmoid bone
76
eye socket
orbit
77
vomer bones
nasal
78
upper teeth and dental arcade
maxillae and incisive bones
79
lower teeth, muscles for chwewing
mandible
80
motion of the neck
cervical vertebrae
81
1st CV
atlas
82
2nd CV
axis
83
articular facets for ribs
thoracic vertebrae
84
ventrum bony thorax, bony origin to pectoral muscles
sternum
85
cranium/ cranial extremity of sternum
manubrium
86
lateral walls of thorax
ribs
87
flat, triangular (shoulder blade)
scapula
88
in birds they have collarbone
clavicle
89
also known as arm bone
humerus
90
in mammals which is larger radius or ulna?
radius
91
in birds which is larger radius or ulna?
ulna
92
in horse they have long>
long pastern bones
93
middle phalanx
short pastern bone
94
distal phalanx
coffin bone
95
pelvis 3 bones
ilium, pubis, ischium
96
coxofemoral
hip
97
stifle
knee
98
true leg
crus
99
ankle?
tarsus
100
rostral bone in swine
os rostri
101
around pulmonary artery of the heart
os cordis
102
in canine family, gorilla and chimpanzee, above male urethra, stiffness in penetration
os penis or baculum
103
function of Muscular System
movement, body heat production, posture and support of body
104
contracting lengthwise or shortening
contractility
105
stretched 30% from rest
extensibility
106
tendency to recoil from stretched
elasticity
107
3 types of muscles
skeleton, cardiac,smooth
108
attach muscles to bone
tendon
109
less moveable structure of skeleton muscle
origin
110
more moveable structure of skeleton muscle
insertion
111
binds single fiber together, supports capillaries and nerve endings
endomysium
112
sheath covering, fasciculli
perimysium
113
sheath covering entire muscle
epimysium
114
covers muscle and attaches to skin
fascia
115
decrease angle joint
flexor
116
increase angle joint
extensor
117
pull limb, toward median plane
adductor
118
move limb, away median plane
abductor
119
encircle opening, striated or smooth
sphincter
120
produce desired action
agonist
121
opposite of agonist
antagonist
122
opposed undesired action of agonist
synergists
