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zoot > Chapter 4-6 > Flashcards

Chapter 4-6 Flashcards

1
Q

vascular fluid enclosed within blood vessels

A

closed circulation

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2
Q

fluid directly bath tissues

A

open circulation

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3
Q

circulation to lungs

A

pulmonary circulation

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4
Q

to rest of the body

A

systematic circulation

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5
Q

3 components of circulatory system

A

heart, blood vessels, blood

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6
Q

transported in the blood

A

respiratory gases, nutrients, waste products, specialized blood cells, hormones, heat

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7
Q

how many % does plasma accounts?

A

about 55%

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8
Q

platelets %

A

0.01%

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9
Q

red blood cells %

A

41%

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10
Q

white blood cells%

A

4%

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11
Q

components of WBC (5)

A

lymphocyte, basophil, eosinophil, monocyte, neutrophil

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12
Q

other name for RBC

A

erythrocytes

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13
Q

most numerous cells, non-nucleated, disk shaped cells

A

RBC

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14
Q

other name for WBC

A

leukocytes

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15
Q

granulocytes (3)?

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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16
Q

agranulocytes (2)

A

monocytes, lymphocytes

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17
Q

species with nucleated RBC

A

reptiles and amphibians, aves (bird), teleosts (fish)

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18
Q

species with enucleated RBC

A

human, cat, dog

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19
Q

nucleus have 3-6 lobes cells called?

A

polymorphonuclear leukocytes

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20
Q

have 3-6 lobes

A

neutrophils

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21
Q

how many neutrophils does account in WBC

A

50%-70%

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22
Q

large, uniformly sized granules” red orange acidic dyes

A

eosinophils

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23
Q

% eosinophils account in leukocytes

A

2%-5%

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24
Q

it tends to increase number due to

A

allergic and parasitic condition

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25
Q

slightly smaller than neutrophils. purplish black

A

basophils

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26
Q

% basophils in leukocytes

A

0.5-1.0%

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27
Q

kidney/ horse shoe shaped nucleus

A

monocytes

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28
Q

after leaving bloodstream it became?

A

macrophages

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29
Q

% of monocytes?

A

3%-8%

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30
Q

produces antibodies, neutralizes and fixes toxins

A

lymphocytes

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31
Q

how many % does lymphocytes account in WBC

A

25% of WBC

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32
Q

other name for platelets

A

thrombocytes

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33
Q

blood clotting

A

platelets

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34
Q

RBC/ hemoglobin reduced

A

anemia

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35
Q

excessive RBC circulating blood

A

polycythemia

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36
Q

decrease number of WBC

A

leucopenia

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37
Q

blood clot attached interior wall of vein

A

thrombus

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38
Q

clot circulating in blood

A

embolus

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39
Q

cone shape, hollow muscular structure

A

heart

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40
Q

thoracic structures by large arteries, veins, pericardial sac

A

base

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41
Q

entirely free within pericardial sac

A

apex

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42
Q

right side of the heart is oriented more on?

A

cranial

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43
Q

left side of the heart is oriented more on?

A

caudal

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44
Q

serous membrane, partially surrounds the heart

A

pericardium

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45
Q

superficial fibrous layer, fixes heart to mediastinum, lubricant the heart

A

parietal pericardium

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46
Q

pericardial space with pericardial fluid

A

visceral pericardium

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47
Q

outer serous layer of the heart

A

epicardium

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48
Q

thick muscular layer

A

myocardium

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49
Q

separates 2 ventricles

A

ventricular septum

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50
Q

inner endothelial lining

A

endocardium

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51
Q

the atrium what?

A

receives blood

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52
Q

ventricle do what?

A

pumps blood

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53
Q

what is right atrioventricular valve?

A

tricuspid valve

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54
Q

what is left atrioventricular valve?

A

bicuspid valve (mitral valve)

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55
Q

semilunar valve (2) ?

A

aortic valve, pulmonary valve

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56
Q

internal structures, fibrous cords

A

chordae tendineae

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57
Q

internal structures, papillary muscles

A

small muscular projections

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58
Q

vessels and vena cava: caudal and cranial

A

pulmonary arteries

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59
Q

vessels and vena cava: right and left

A

pulmonary veins and aorta

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60
Q

tubular structures, carry blood away from heart

A

arteries and artrioles

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61
Q

tiny tubes, simple squamous epithelium lines heart and BV

A

capillaries

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61
Q

tiny tubes, simple squamous epithelium lines heart and BV

A

capillaries

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62
Q

venules merge into larger veins

A

veins and venules

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63
Q

separates atrium and ventricles to prevent backflow

A

valves

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64
Q

movement of oxy blood to all areas and return deoxy blood to heart

A

systematic circulation

65
Q

separates atrium and pulmonary artery

A

pulmonary valve

66
Q

separates atrium and aorta

A

aortic valve

67
Q

relaxation of chamber prior and during filling of chamber

A

diastole

68
Q

contraction of chamber, blood out of chamber

A

systole

69
Q

first sound or s1

A

lub

70
Q

lub marks beginning of?

A

systole

71
Q

second of s2

A

dub

72
Q

dub marks the beginning of?

A

diastole

73
Q

third sound opening of?

A

A-V valves

74
Q

fourth sound?

A

atrial contraction

75
Q

measure pressure in arteries, heart rests between beats and refilled with blood

A

diastolic BP

76
Q

measure pressure in arteries, when heart muscle contracts

A

systolic BP

77
Q

pacemaker of heart

A

sinoatrial 9SA) mode

78
Q

intra- atrial septum

A

atrioventricular (AV) mode

79
Q

extends from AV mode into ventricle

A

common bundle

80
Q

abnormally slow heartbeat

A

bradycardia

81
Q

abnormally rapid heartbeat

A

tachycardia

82
Q

no heartbeat

A

arrhythmia

83
Q

lymphatic system helps rid what?

A

toxins, waste, unwanted materials

84
Q

sources of lymphocytes?

A

yolk sac, fetal liver, bone marrow

85
Q

sites of lymphocyte development (primary lymphoid organs)

A

thymus, bursa, peyer’s patches, bone marrow

86
Q

sites where lymphocytes respond to antigens (secondary lymphoid organs)

A

tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes, peyer’s patches, bone marrow

87
Q

one- way pathway, parallels venous system and eventually empties in cranial vena cava

A

lymphatic vessels

88
Q

discrete knots, small bean shaped, first defense to infections.

A

lymph nodes

89
Q

involution at puberty, never completely disappearing, lies cranial to heart.

A

thymus

90
Q

lymphoid organ, associated with circulatory system, blood reservoir. graveyard of RBC

A

spleen

91
Q

only in birds, above cloaca, shrinks as they age

A

bursa of fabricus

92
Q

lymphoid organ, walls of small intestine MALT

A

peyer’s patches

93
Q

unencapsulated aggregate, associated with pharyngeal mucosa

A

tonsil

94
Q

peyer’s patches in ruminants appears?

A

homogeneous band

95
Q

primary functional cell of NS

A

neuron

96
Q

supporting cells

A

neuroglia

97
Q

something that excites or activates

A

stimulus

98
Q

wave of excitation

A

impulse

99
Q

automatic, involuntary response to change

A

reflex

100
Q

cell body (support center)

A

soma

101
Q

transmits electrical signal toward cell body

A

dendrites

102
Q

transmits electrical signal away cell body

A

axon

103
Q

electrical signal traveling down axon

A

neural impulse (action potential)

104
Q

covers axon, speeds up neural impulses

A

myelin sheath

105
Q

neurons conduct signals from receptors to CNS

A

sensory (affarent)

106
Q

confined to CNS

A

interneurons

107
Q

neurons conduct signals from CNS to effectors (muscles and glands)

A

motor (efferent)

108
Q

single process, from cell body (2 branches)

A

unipolar (pseudounipolar)

109
Q

2 process 1 arising from each end, middle cell body

A

bipolar

110
Q

many extensions, process arising from cell body, 1 extension axon, rest desdrites

A

multipolar

111
Q

surround neuron, cell bodies ganglia, support nutrients

A

satellite cells

112
Q

wrap around portion of only axon, forms myelin sheath of neurons in PNS

A

Schwann cell

113
Q

other names for schwann cells

A

neurolemmocytes

114
Q

form myelin sheath, surround axons, CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

115
Q

extracellular brain fluids, tight junctions, blood brain barrier

A

astrocytes

116
Q

specialized macrophage

A

microglia

117
Q

line brain and spinal cord central canal, secrete CFS

A

ependymal cells

118
Q

CSF means

A

cerebrospinal fluid

119
Q

connective tissue, covers brain (cranial) and spinal

A

meninges

120
Q

pachymeninx

A

dura mater

121
Q

arachnoid + pia mater

A

leptomeninx

122
Q

shape of Gray matter

A

H

123
Q

Gray matter is mainly>

A

nerve cell bodies

124
Q

superficial, nerve fibers, predominate

A

white matter

125
Q

largest part of the brain

A

cerebrum

126
Q

coordinate muscle, movement, posture, balance

A

cerebellum

127
Q

medulla oblongata, pons, mesencephalon, diencephalon

A

brainstem

128
Q

connect cerebrum and cerebellum to SC

A

brainstem

129
Q

a 1 month old embryo have this

A

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

130
Q

5 weeks old

A

forebrain (telencephalon , diencephalon)
midbrain (mesencephalon),
hindbrain (metencephalon, myelencephalon)

131
Q

PRIMARY BRAIN VESICLES
also known as prosencephalon

A

forebrain

132
Q

midbrain is also known as

A

mesencephalon

133
Q

hindbrain is also known as

A

rhombencephalon

134
Q

epithalamus

A

pineal gland

135
Q

cerebrum

A

intelligence

136
Q

olfactory

A

smell

137
Q

optic

A

vision

138
Q

oculomotor

A

eye movement

139
Q

trochlear

A

eye movement

140
Q

trigeminal

A

facial touch, temp, pain

141
Q

abducens

A

eye movement

142
Q

facial

A

chewing, saliva, taste buds

143
Q

vestibulocochlear

A

equilibrium, hearing

144
Q

glossopharyngeal

A

throat, tongue movement, swallowing

145
Q

vagus

A

heart and lung signals

146
Q

accessory

A

neck, motor func

147
Q

hypoglossal

A

tongue, chew, speech

148
Q

CN II

A

optic

149
Q

CN IV

A

trochlear

150
Q

CN VI

A

abducens

151
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulocochlear

152
Q

CN I

A

olfactory

153
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal

154
Q

CN X

A

Vagus

155
Q

CN XI

A

accessory

156
Q

CN III

A

oculomotor

157
Q

CN V

A

trigeminal

158
Q

CN VII

A

Facial

159
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal

zoot (9 decks)

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