Chapter 4-6 Flashcards
1
Q
vascular fluid enclosed within blood vessels
A
closed circulation
2
Q
fluid directly bath tissues
A
open circulation
3
Q
circulation to lungs
A
pulmonary circulation
4
Q
to rest of the body
A
systematic circulation
5
Q
3 components of circulatory system
A
heart, blood vessels, blood
6
Q
transported in the blood
A
respiratory gases, nutrients, waste products, specialized blood cells, hormones, heat
7
Q
how many % does plasma accounts?
A
about 55%
8
Q
platelets %
A
0.01%
9
Q
red blood cells %
A
41%
10
Q
white blood cells%
A
4%
11
Q
components of WBC (5)
A
lymphocyte, basophil, eosinophil, monocyte, neutrophil
12
Q
other name for RBC
A
erythrocytes
13
Q
most numerous cells, non-nucleated, disk shaped cells
A
RBC
14
Q
other name for WBC
A
leukocytes
15
Q
granulocytes (3)?
A
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
16
Q
agranulocytes (2)
A
monocytes, lymphocytes
17
Q
species with nucleated RBC
A
reptiles and amphibians, aves (bird), teleosts (fish)
18
Q
species with enucleated RBC
A
human, cat, dog
19
Q
nucleus have 3-6 lobes cells called?
A
polymorphonuclear leukocytes
20
Q
have 3-6 lobes
A
neutrophils
21
Q
how many neutrophils does account in WBC
A
50%-70%
22
Q
large, uniformly sized granules” red orange acidic dyes
A
eosinophils
23
Q
% eosinophils account in leukocytes
A
2%-5%
24
Q
it tends to increase number due to
A
allergic and parasitic condition
25
slightly smaller than neutrophils. purplish black
basophils
26
% basophils in leukocytes
0.5-1.0%
27
kidney/ horse shoe shaped nucleus
monocytes
28
after leaving bloodstream it became?
macrophages
29
% of monocytes?
3%-8%
30
produces antibodies, neutralizes and fixes toxins
lymphocytes
31
how many % does lymphocytes account in WBC
25% of WBC
32
other name for platelets
thrombocytes
33
blood clotting
platelets
34
RBC/ hemoglobin reduced
anemia
35
excessive RBC circulating blood
polycythemia
36
decrease number of WBC
leucopenia
37
blood clot attached interior wall of vein
thrombus
38
clot circulating in blood
embolus
39
cone shape, hollow muscular structure
heart
40
thoracic structures by large arteries, veins, pericardial sac
base
41
entirely free within pericardial sac
apex
42
right side of the heart is oriented more on?
cranial
43
left side of the heart is oriented more on?
caudal
44
serous membrane, partially surrounds the heart
pericardium
45
superficial fibrous layer, fixes heart to mediastinum, lubricant the heart
parietal pericardium
46
pericardial space with pericardial fluid
visceral pericardium
47
outer serous layer of the heart
epicardium
48
thick muscular layer
myocardium
49
separates 2 ventricles
ventricular septum
50
inner endothelial lining
endocardium
51
the atrium what?
receives blood
52
ventricle do what?
pumps blood
53
what is right atrioventricular valve?
tricuspid valve
54
what is left atrioventricular valve?
bicuspid valve (mitral valve)
55
semilunar valve (2) ?
aortic valve, pulmonary valve
56
internal structures, fibrous cords
chordae tendineae
57
internal structures, papillary muscles
small muscular projections
58
vessels and vena cava: caudal and cranial
pulmonary arteries
59
vessels and vena cava: right and left
pulmonary veins and aorta
60
tubular structures, carry blood away from heart
arteries and artrioles
61
tiny tubes, simple squamous epithelium lines heart and BV
capillaries
61
tiny tubes, simple squamous epithelium lines heart and BV
capillaries
62
venules merge into larger veins
veins and venules
63
separates atrium and ventricles to prevent backflow
valves
64
movement of oxy blood to all areas and return deoxy blood to heart
systematic circulation
65
separates atrium and pulmonary artery
pulmonary valve
66
separates atrium and aorta
aortic valve
67
relaxation of chamber prior and during filling of chamber
diastole
68
contraction of chamber, blood out of chamber
systole
69
first sound or s1
lub
70
lub marks beginning of?
systole
71
second of s2
dub
72
dub marks the beginning of?
diastole
73
third sound opening of?
A-V valves
74
fourth sound?
atrial contraction
75
measure pressure in arteries, heart rests between beats and refilled with blood
diastolic BP
76
measure pressure in arteries, when heart muscle contracts
systolic BP
77
pacemaker of heart
sinoatrial 9SA) mode
78
intra- atrial septum
atrioventricular (AV) mode
79
extends from AV mode into ventricle
common bundle
80
abnormally slow heartbeat
bradycardia
81
abnormally rapid heartbeat
tachycardia
82
no heartbeat
arrhythmia
83
lymphatic system helps rid what?
toxins, waste, unwanted materials
84
sources of lymphocytes?
yolk sac, fetal liver, bone marrow
85
sites of lymphocyte development (primary lymphoid organs)
thymus, bursa, peyer's patches, bone marrow
86
sites where lymphocytes respond to antigens (secondary lymphoid organs)
tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes, peyer's patches, bone marrow
87
one- way pathway, parallels venous system and eventually empties in cranial vena cava
lymphatic vessels
88
discrete knots, small bean shaped, first defense to infections.
lymph nodes
89
involution at puberty, never completely disappearing, lies cranial to heart.
thymus
90
lymphoid organ, associated with circulatory system, blood reservoir. graveyard of RBC
spleen
91
only in birds, above cloaca, shrinks as they age
bursa of fabricus
92
lymphoid organ, walls of small intestine MALT
peyer's patches
93
unencapsulated aggregate, associated with pharyngeal mucosa
tonsil
94
peyer's patches in ruminants appears?
homogeneous band
95
primary functional cell of NS
neuron
96
supporting cells
neuroglia
97
something that excites or activates
stimulus
98
wave of excitation
impulse
99
automatic, involuntary response to change
reflex
100
cell body (support center)
soma
101
transmits electrical signal toward cell body
dendrites
102
transmits electrical signal away cell body
axon
103
electrical signal traveling down axon
neural impulse (action potential)
104
covers axon, speeds up neural impulses
myelin sheath
105
neurons conduct signals from receptors to CNS
sensory (affarent)
106
confined to CNS
interneurons
107
neurons conduct signals from CNS to effectors (muscles and glands)
motor (efferent)
108
single process, from cell body (2 branches)
unipolar (pseudounipolar)
109
2 process 1 arising from each end, middle cell body
bipolar
110
many extensions, process arising from cell body, 1 extension axon, rest desdrites
multipolar
111
surround neuron, cell bodies ganglia, support nutrients
satellite cells
112
wrap around portion of only axon, forms myelin sheath of neurons in PNS
Schwann cell
113
other names for schwann cells
neurolemmocytes
114
form myelin sheath, surround axons, CNS
oligodendrocytes
115
extracellular brain fluids, tight junctions, blood brain barrier
astrocytes
116
specialized macrophage
microglia
117
line brain and spinal cord central canal, secrete CFS
ependymal cells
118
CSF means
cerebrospinal fluid
119
connective tissue, covers brain (cranial) and spinal
meninges
120
pachymeninx
dura mater
121
arachnoid + pia mater
leptomeninx
122
shape of Gray matter
H
123
Gray matter is mainly>
nerve cell bodies
124
superficial, nerve fibers, predominate
white matter
125
largest part of the brain
cerebrum
126
coordinate muscle, movement, posture, balance
cerebellum
127
medulla oblongata, pons, mesencephalon, diencephalon
brainstem
128
connect cerebrum and cerebellum to SC
brainstem
129
a 1 month old embryo have this
forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
130
5 weeks old
forebrain (telencephalon , diencephalon)
midbrain (mesencephalon),
hindbrain (metencephalon, myelencephalon)
131
PRIMARY BRAIN VESICLES
also known as prosencephalon
forebrain
132
midbrain is also known as
mesencephalon
133
hindbrain is also known as
rhombencephalon
134
epithalamus
pineal gland
135
cerebrum
intelligence
136
olfactory
smell
137
optic
vision
138
oculomotor
eye movement
139
trochlear
eye movement
140
trigeminal
facial touch, temp, pain
141
abducens
eye movement
142
facial
chewing, saliva, taste buds
143
vestibulocochlear
equilibrium, hearing
144
glossopharyngeal
throat, tongue movement, swallowing
145
vagus
heart and lung signals
146
accessory
neck, motor func
147
hypoglossal
tongue, chew, speech
148
CN II
optic
149
CN IV
trochlear
150
CN VI
abducens
151
CN VIII
vestibulocochlear
152
CN I
olfactory
153
CN IX
glossopharyngeal
154
CN X
Vagus
155
CN XI
accessory
156
CN III
oculomotor
157
CN V
trigeminal
158
CN VII
Facial
159
CN XII
hypoglossal
