Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
male sex hormones
A
testosterone
2
Q
Produces and stores the male reproductive cells
A
spermatozoa
3
Q
External Organs/Parts
A
Scrotum, Penis, Prepuce
4
Q
Internal Organs/Parts
A
Testes, Ducts, Accessory glands
5
Q
Pouch or diverticulum of the abdomen, Containing the Testes and serving as a thermoregulator.
A
Scrotum
6
Q
Double Muscular System
A
External cremaster and Tunica dartos
7
Q
loop system of veins and arteries that allows heat exchange.
A
Pampiniform plexus
8
Q
Organ of copulation in males.
A
Penis
9
Q
free extremity; soft terminal portion of the penis.
A
Glans Penis
10
Q
main portion; formed by the urethra and the erectile tissue
A
Body
11
Q
roots/ pizzle eye, attached to the ischial arch of the pelvis; beginning portion is the bulbourethral muscle
A
Crura
12
Q
curving of the penis, which reduces the length of the non-erect penis to 1/3
A
Sigmoid flexure
13
Q
spongy areas near the glans; engorges with blood to cause erection and extension during the copulation
A
Corpora cavernosa
14
Q
spongy tissue surrounding the urethra Male Reproductive System
A
Corpus spongiosum
15
Q
ruminants and swine
A
Fibroelastic penis
16
Q
horse
A
Musculocavernous penis
17
Q
Enlarged blunt concave body
A
equine
18
Q
Tapering with a twist clockwise
A
bovine
19
Q
Corkscrew shaped
A
porcine
20
Q
Very long, extending to the length of os penis
A
canine
21
Q
Irregular shaped with filiform urethral process
A
Ovine/Caprine
22
Q
Cornified spine
A
Feline
23
Q
Invagination of the skin enclosing the free extremity of the retracted penis and its opening is covered by coarse hairs
A
Prepuce
24
Q
a sac dorsal to the prepuce.
A
Preputial diverticulum – a sac dorsal to the prepuce.
25
mixture of fatty secretion, cast of epithelial cells and bacteria.
Smegma
26
male gonads; primary sex organs, suspended by the spermatic cord, produce male hormones or androgens in the microscopic interstitial cells located between the seminiferous tubules.
Testes
27
basement membrane
Seminiferous tubules
28
network of tubules connected to the
seminiferous tubules.
Rete testis
29
connected the rete testis and epididymis;
collectively forms the epididymal duct.
Efferent ductules
30
Within the Seminiferous:
Sertoli cells, Spermatogonia, Spermatocytes, Spermatozoon
31
sustentacular cells, “nurse
cells”, provide nourishment and support to
developing sperm cells.
Sertoli cells
31
undifferentiated male
germ cells
Spermatogonia
32
1° and 2 ° § Spermatids
Spermatocytes
33
fully differentiated, motile
sperm cell
Spermatozoon
34
Between tubules:
Leydig cells
35
produce and secrete
testosterone and other androgens important
for sexual development and puberty,
secondary sexual characteristics.
Leydig cells
36
composed of the long, convoluted
epididymal duct that connects the efferent
ductules of the testis with ducts deferens.
Houses the spermatozoa as they mature
before they are expelled by ejaculation
Epididymis
37
Epididymis, divided into:
head, body, tail
38
connected to the efferent
ductules
head
39
lying on the long axis of the
testis
body
40
lying lowest to the scrotum
tail
41
Also known as vas deferens
- undergoes peristaltic contractions during
ejaculation, propelling the spermatozoa from
the epididymis to the urethra
Ductus Deferens
42
a tube passing thru the penis to the outside
of the body
serves both reproductive and urinary
systems
Urethra
43
Accessory Glands
Ampullae, Vesicular Glands, Prostate Gland, Bulbourethral Gland
44
glandular enlargements
associated with the terminal parts of
the ductus deferential; contribute
volume to the semen
Ampullae
45
seminal vesicles;
paired glands associated with the
genital fold; located on the floor of the
pelvis cranial and lateral to ampulla
and neck of the bladder; source of
fructose, ascorbic acid, citric acid
Vesicular Glands
46
located caudal or
around the bladder or cranial portion of
the pelvic urethra; secretes alkaline
solution; clean and lubricate the
urethra during pre-coital
Prostate Gland
47
Cowper’s
glands; located in the bulbourethral
muscle
Bulbourethral Gland
48
removal of the testes of
the male animal
Castration
49
absence of one or
both testes from the scrotum
Cryptorchidism
50
transection (ligation
and/or removal of a section) of the
ductus deferens.
Vasectomy
51
Female RS, External Genitalia
Vestibule, Vulva
52
Female RS, Internal Organs
Vagina, Uterus, Uterine tubes, Ovaries
53
portion of the reproductive tract between the
vagina and the external genitalia
Vestibule
54
external genitalia of the female; comprises
right and left labia
Vulva
55
a structure of erectile tissue that
has the same embryonic origin as the penis
in the male.
Clitoris
56
lies within the pelvis between the uterus
cranially and the vulva caudally site of semen
deposition during copulation passageway for
fetal and placental delivery
Vagina
57
opening into the bladder
on the floor of the vagina; located posterior to
the site of the hymen
Urethral orifice
58
transverse fold that separates the
anterior from the posterior vagina; expanded
at the time of first copulation
hymen
59
Uterus consists of?
body, cervix (neck), 2 horns
60
– incubator of zygote
fetal development
61
in the pig (sow), dog (bitch),
and cat (queen)
- well developed uterine horn
Bicornuate
62
in the ox (cow), sheep (ewe),
and horse (mare)
- well developed uterine body
Bipartite
63
in the primate
- a uterus consisting of a single cavity
Simplex
64
in the rabbit (doe) and rodent
- uterine horns are completely separated and
have separate cervices opening into the
vagina
Duplex
65
- wide fold of peritoneum that connects the
sides of the uterus to the walls and floor of
the pelvis
Uterus – Broad Ligament
66
the mesentery of the
uterus; the largest portion of the broad
ligament
Mesometrium
67
the mesentery of the
Fallopian tube
Mesosalpinx
68
the mesentery of the ovaries
Mesovarium
69
- neck of the uterus
- sphincter like structure, serves as a
muscular “valve” that keeps the uterus sealed
off from the vagina most of the time
- during estrus the cervix relaxes slightly,
- permitting spermatozoa to enter the uterus
Cervix
70
series of circular ridges
rings on the inner surface of the cervix; in
ruminants and sow
annular folds
71
archlike structure formed by
the projecting cervix, in mares
Vaginal fornix
72
tunica muscularis; the
muscular portion of the uterine wall;
increases in size during pregnancy
Myometrium
73
– innermost lining layer of
the uterus, to prevent adhesions between the
opposed walls of the myometrium; highly
glandular tissue that varies in thickness and
vascularity with hormonal changes in the
ovary and with pregnancy
Endometrium
74
mushroom like nonglandular projections found at the inner
surfaces of the uterine horn and body;
provide a site of attachment for the fetal
membranes
Caruncles
75
circular structures
distributed in ruminant placenta
Cotyledon
76
- sperm capacitation
- fertilization
- embryo cleavage
Fallopian tube/ Oviducts
77
funnel like structure that
pick up the ovulated egg
Infundibulum
78
fringe-like margin of the
infundibulum
Fimbria
79
site of fertilization
Ampulla
80
constricted portion of the
oviduct after the ampulla
Isthmus
81
modified skin gland
Mammary Gland
82
collective term applied to all the
mammary glands in ruminants and horse.
Udder
83
secretory unit
Alveolus
84
narrow passage from the lactiferous
sinus to the exterior
Papillary duct or teat canal
85
building-up phase; ovarian
follicle (under the influence of FSH and LH)
enlarges and begins to secrete estrogens
Proestrus
86
period of sexual receptivity, is
primarily initiated by the elevation in
estrogens from mature follicles just prior to
ovulation; standing heat
Estrus
87
end of sexual receptivity,
postovulatory phase dominated by corpus
luteum function; serum estrogens decrease
and progesterone increases
Metestrus
88
short period of sexual inactivity
between recurrent periods of estrus
Diestrus
89
long periods between cycles of
polyestrous animals that stop cycling (e.g.,
due to change in season) enter a long period
of inactivity
Anestrus
90
preovulatory increase in estrogens
from developing follicles is the
primary event that brings about
ovulation, e.g., rabbit, ferret, mink,
camel, llama, and alpaca
Spontaneous ovulators
91
the final preovulatory surge of GnRH, and
subsequent LH surge, is apparently
dependent on a neural reflex
elicited by vaginal stimulation, e.g.,
rodents, koala, cats
Induced ovulators
92
condition of a female animal while young are developing
within her uterus
Pregnancy
93
the stage of pregnancy at which the embryo
adheres to the wall of the uterus
Implantation
94
the development of
fetal membranes
Placentation
95
only the left side develops;
mature ovum = egg yolk
Ovary
96
site of fertilization in avian
Infundibulum
97
ampulla, secretes majority
of albumen
Magnum
98
secretes some albumen and the shell membranes
Isthmus
99
shell gland
Uterus
99
shell gland
Uterus
100
secretes the egg’s outer
cuticle and possibly the shell pigment
Vagina
